Glossary Source QCVN 02:2009/BXD

is the total amount of chloride salts in the air in terms of the number of milligrams of Cl– ions deposited on 1m2 of structure surface in one day and night (mg Cl–)

is a quantity representing the intensity of shaking it causes on the ground surface and is assessed using scales that categorize the degree of impact of an earthquake on buildings, structures, objects, animals, people and ground deformation. Earthquake intensity is…

is a quantity representing the amount of energy that an earthquake releases in the form of elastic waves. Earthquake magnitude is assessed using the Richter scale, with a value equal to the base 10 logarithm of the maximum amplitude (microns)…

is the number of electrical discharges to the ground per 1 km2 in a year.

is the point where an earthquake originates, where earthquake energy is released and transmitted to the surrounding space in the form of elastic waves, causing shaking of the earth’s surface. The epicenter is the vertical projection of the hypocenter on the earth’s…

is the shaking of the earth’s surface, caused by sudden movements of geological blocks along geological faults within the earth (called tectonic earthquakes), volcanic eruptions (called volcanic earthquakes), collapses of caves, landslides, meteorite impacts and man-made explosions.

is the phenomenon of electrical discharge in the atmosphere during a thunderstorm

is a strong convective phenomenon of the atmosphere causing sudden electrical discharges accompanied by thunder and ligh

is the phenomenon where sea level rises higher than normal tidal levels due to the influence of a typhoon.

is a flood that occurs in mountainous areas during high-intensity rains, creating torrential flows. Flash floods have great destructive power and occur suddenly.

is the phenomenon of river water rising to a high level over a certain period of time, then receding.

is a high-velocity rotating column of air formed within a narrow range and dissipates in a short time.