A factor or hazard causing illness, deterioration of human health during the working process according to the provisions of the law on occupational safety and health and health. Harmful elements to health include 06 main groups: Adverse microclimate; physical (e.g. noise, vibration); various dusts; toxic substances, chemicals, vapors; psychophysiology and ergonomics; occupational contact.
A zone or area at the site and adjacent areas with harmful factors exceeding the permissible threshold or not satisfying the provisions stated in relevant national technical regulations but not to the extent of causing injury or death to people.
The boundaries of areas inside and around the construction site where dangerous elements may appear causing damage to people, construction works, assets, equipment, vehicles due to the construction process of the works, determined according to technical standards, regulations and measures for organizing construction of works [point h clause 1 Article 1 of Law No. 62/2020/QH14].
Types of materials, components, products used in construction of works that meet the following requirements:
a) Comply with the provisions of the law on product and goods quality and other relevant specialized laws;
b) Materials, components, products with quality in accordance with QCVN 16:2019/BXD, QCVN 04:2009/BKHCN and Amendment 1:2016 QCVN 04:2009/BKHCN, comply with the provisions of the design documentation, in accordance with the national technical regulations and standards related to materials, components, products permitted to be applied in Vietnam;
c) Comply with the provisions of the law on construction and other relevant specialized laws on quality control before being put into use at the site.
Standards related to materials, components, products, survey, design, construction, installation, acceptance, use, maintenance, techniques (or measures) to ensure safety and health for workers when carrying out construction activities specified in 1.1.2 and permitted to be applied in Vietnam.
Hooks, chains, ropes, nets, buckets and other accessories used to attach or tie the lifted object to the lifting equipment but not a main part of the lifting equipment.
Principles based on the results of comprehensive research on the adaptation between technical means and the working environment with human capabilities in terms of physiology, psychology, in order to ensure the most effective labor, while protecting the health, safety and comfort of workers.
TCVN 9366-2:2012 Doors and windows – Part 2: Metallic doors and windows
Foreword
TCVN 9366-2:2012 was converted from TCXD 237:1999 according to the regulations in Clause 1, Article 69 of the Law on Standards and Technical Regulations and Point b), Clause 1, Article 7 of the Government’s Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August 01, 2007 detailing the implementation of some articles of the Law on Standards and Technical Regulations.
TCVN 9366-2:2012 was compiled by the Institute of Architecture, Urban and Rural Planning, proposed by the Ministry of Construction, appraised by the Directorate for Standards, Metrology and Quality, and announced by the Ministry of Science and Technology.
1. Scope of application
This standard specifies the minimum technical requirements for metal doors and windows with fixed frames for residential and public buildings.
NOTE: Special requirements for fire safety and radiation safety are not specified in this standard.
2. Referenced documents
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the cited edition applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
TCVN 2737:1995, Loads and actions – Design standard.
TCVN 7452-1:2004 (EN 1026:2000), Windows and doors – Test method – Part 1: Determination of air permeability.
TCVN 7452-2:2004 (EN 1027:2000), Windows and doors – Test method – Part 2: Determination of watertightness.
TCVN 7452-3:2004, Windows and doors – Test method – Part 3: Determination of resistance to wind load.
TCVN 7542-6:2004 (ISO 9379:1989), Windows and doors – Test methods – Part 6: Determination of the ability to withstand repeated opening and closing
TCVN 9366-1:2012, Doors and windows – Part 1: Wooden doors.
3.1. Doors are denoted by a group of Latin letters and a group of Arabic numbers. The group of Latin letters indicates the name. The lowercase letters indicating the main material for manufacturing door leaves are placed below, to the right of the symbol. The group of Arabic numbers indicates the door opening dimensions (width and height) and the design wind pressure (if any).
3.2. Some agreed terms are as follows:
– S: Window;
– D: Door;
– G: Wood;
– T: Steel;
– N: Aluminum alloy;
– Nh: Plastic;
– K: Glass.
Example of specifying door symbol: Door SNK 1200.1500 – 980Pa: Aluminum glass window with opening width of 1200 mm and height of 1500 mm, able to withstand design wind pressure of 980Pa.
4. Classification
According to the opening method, doors are classified as follows (See Figure 1):
– Revolving type, around vertical or horizontal axis;
– Vertical sliding, horizontal sliding or combined type; folding doors belong to horizontal sliding type;
– Lever type;
– Rolling type around horizontal axis.
Figure 1 – Door opening methods
5. Technical requirements
5.1. Geometric dimensions and dimensional tolerances
5.1.1. Depending on the material and rods of the door (door frame and leaf frame), the maximum door size is calculated according to the door perimeter and does not exceed 8.8 m. The opening of the entry door has a width not exceeding 2.0 m and a height not exceeding 2.4 m. The window opening has a width not exceeding 1.6 m and a height not exceeding 1.8 m. The positions of some main door components are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
KEY
1. Door frame
2. Glass frame
3. Glass panel
4. Bottom rail
5. Top rail
6. Vertical stile
7. Intermediate bar
8. Gasket pad
9. Door threshold
10. Door handle
Figure 2 – Some main components of a metal door
KEY
1. Leaf frame
2. Door sill
3. Water drip bar
4. Door threshold
5. Glass panel
Figure 3 – Some main components of a metal window
5.1.2. The allowed deviations for warpage and curvature are specified in Table 1.
Table 1 – Allowed deviations for door shape
Unit: millimeter
Criteria
Method for checking dimensions
Allowed deviation
Notes
1. Squareness
Measure and record the lengths of the two diagonals in the plane of the rectangular door frame on a flat support
Compare with the manufacturing tolerances of components according to TCXD 170:1989
2. Warpage
Measure the deviation of the fourth corner from the reference plane using a straight ruler or plumb line with an accuracy of up to 0.5 mm.
Not exceeding 3 mm
Referring to Appendix A of TCVN 9366-1:2012
3. Curvature
Measure the maximum distance at measured points, perpendicular to the door surface and using a measuring ruler with an accuracy of up to 0.5 mm. Calculate the total length of displacement at the measured points
– Not exceeding 3 mm for door height less than 2100 mm – Not exceeding 4 mm for door height from 2100 mm to 2400 mm; – Not exceeding 2 mm for door leaf width up to 1200 mm
Referring to Appendix A of TCVN 9366-1:2012
5.2. Strength
5.2.1. The strength of the door includes: impact resistance, wind load resistance, water tightness, air permeability.
5.2.2. The criteria and allowable limits for door strength are specified in Table 2.
Table 2 – Technical requirements for doors
Criteria
Level
Test method
Notes
1. Opening and closing door
– No damage. – Apex angle displacement in the allowed direction
Testing door opening and closing, with an opening and closing force of 500 N
Refer to Appendix A of this standard and refer to ISO 8274:1985
2. Ability to repeatedly open and close window leaf frame
Not causing limitations to the operation of the window according to each opening type with a force from 65 N to 120 N
TCVN 7452-6:2004 (ISO 9379:1989)
Refer to Appendix D of TCVN 9366-1:2012.
3. Wind load resistance corresponding to design wind pressure according to TCVN 2737:1995
– Maintaining the usage characteristics of the door – Acceptable deformation must be less than 1/200 of the door width at a test pressure of 500 Pa.
TCVN 7452-3: 2004
Refer to Appendix E of TCVN 9366-1:2012.
4. Water tightness
No water seepage marks appear on the inside surface of the door at a test pressure greater than 150 Pa
TCVN 7452-2: 2004 (EN 1027:2000)
Refer to Appendix G of TCVN 9366-1:2012
5. Air permeability
Air flow rate through the door less than 16.6 l/s/cm2 corresponding to a test pressure from 100 Pa to 150 Pa.
TCVN 7452-1 : 2004 (EN 1026:2000)
Refer to Appendix H of TCVN 9366-1:2012
5.3. Requirements for main materials and door accessories
5.3.1. Metals
5.3.1.1. Shaped metals used for doors include:
– Aluminum or aluminum alloy with copper content limited to 1%; if it is Al-Si-Cu alloy with 3% to 4% Cu, it must be coated with paint;
– Steel with an average maximum tensile strength of 355 Pa, (type XCT 34 to XCT 520) that has been galvanized with a thickness of not less than 20 μm;
– Steel sheet, galvanized with a thickness of not less than 0.8 mm or before shaping, galvanized with a weight of not less than 275 g/m2 on both sides; or if not pre-galvanized, after processing it must be hot-dipped with a coating weight of not less than 460 g/m2;
– Steel plate, made of stainless steel with a guaranteed content of not less than 17% Cr and not less than 5% Ni;
5.3.1.2. Cast steel or non-ferrous alloys must not have cracking defects.
5.3.1.3. Steel sheet for manufacturing window sills has a thickness of not less than 1.5 mm; steel for window pads has a thickness of not less than 1.2 mm.
5.3.1.4. The material of the gasket pads and the adhesives between the glass part and the leaf compartment, the leaf frame and the door frame must ensure the requirements of elasticity, firm adhesion and water tightness.
5.3.2. Glass
Glass used in door boxes shall comply with current regulations and be suitable for usage requirements.
5.3.3. Door accessories
5.3.3.1. The type and quality grade of door accessories depend on the provisions in the order contract. The quantity, size and method of fixing each type of accessory must meet the requirements of design, testing and easy replacement. In case there are no specific regulations, the technical requirements of door accessories in current standards can be used.
5.3.3.2. The surface layer of door accessories, if made of metal materials that are easily oxidized, must be anti-oxidized with layers such as zinc, nickel, chrome, etc. as for the door materials mentioned in 5.3.1.
5.3.4. Surface of door structure
5.3.4.1. The surface of the metal door structure must be treated to prevent oxidation of the outer surface and corrosion in case the surface is made of easily oxidized metal.
5.3.4.2. Metal for manufacturing steel doors and steel door components, if not yet galvanized, after processing, must be hot-dipped in a plating tank to achieve the criteria specified in 5.3.1.
5.3.4.3. For the sills and water drip bars of windows made of ungalvanized steel, the machined ends must be coated with a zinc-rich primer before finishing the surface.
5.3.4.4. The anti-corrosion protective coating of the aluminum door surface must be compatible with aluminum such as zinc and zinc alloys, cadmium, chromium, stainless steel.
5.3.4.5. For exterior doors made of aluminum or aluminum alloy directly exposed to weather, the following requirements need to be ensured:
– Either anodizing with an anodic layer thickness of not less than 15 μm to 19 μm. In heavily corroded areas, the thickness is from 20 μm to 24 μm. For internal bars, the thickness is from 10 μm to 14 μm;
– Or spraying a layer of polyester powder paint with a thickness of not less than 40 μm.
6. Requirements for processing – linking – installation
6.1.1. The door structure processed according to the requirements stated in Article 5 of this standard must ensure:
– Limit water condensation between assembled parts;
– The assembled corners must be firmly joined and have flat surfaces;
– The glass rebate must be easy to remove and install.
6.1.2. The door frame, leaf frame, panels, leaf fittings are connected to each other or to the door accessory components, by welding or by rivets or by screws.
Processing of metal components can refer to TCXD 170:1989.
The door frame corners, leaf frame, after being welded, are smoothly ground to remove protruding parts and clean impurities.
Bars in the leaf frame can be welded, or tenon joined, or bolted.
The door surface and frame must not have local dents and damage caused by processing.
If the surface layer of the steel material is defective due to processing, a primer coat (rich in zinc) with a thickness of not less than 30 μm should be applied. Locking screws of aluminum alloy or stainless steel doors must have equivalent mechanical strength and not be corroded.
6.1.3. Welding lines are smoothly ground so as not to affect the door structure surface and allow easy operation.
It is required not to cause water leakage at welded joints.
6.1.4. There must be drainage holes with a diameter of not less than 5 mm in the bottom bar and intermediate bar of the door.
For doors with steel pipe components, transverse drain holes should be made, or if there are no transverse drain holes, galvanized pipes must be used.
6.1.5. Component manufacturing tolerances comply with the provisions in TCXD 170:1989.
The manufacturing tolerance for steel door frame is ± 2 mm compared to the design size.
The tolerance between the two diagonals of the glass-containing frame placed on a flat support does not exceed 2 mm when the largest edge is not greater than 2 m and not greater than 4 mm when the largest edge is greater than 2 m.
6.1.6. Do not place aluminum doors in direct contact with concrete. In case it must be placed directly on precast concrete slabs, a waiting paint layer is required to ensure durability against alkaline substances in fresh concrete.
6.1.7. The installation of glass into door leaf compartments needs to follow the design and the requirements of the current process. Pay attention to use wired glass for doors in high-rise buildings. It is necessary to check the quality of the glass panes, the cutting and installation of glass, the size of the glass rebate or glass clamp, the quantity and quality of the fixing wedges and the grade of the adhesive.
7. Test methods
– Checking dimensions: use a metal ruler of appropriate length, with scale divisions accurate to 0.5 mm.
– Determining the opening and closing force of the entry door according to Appendix A of this standard;
– Determining air permeability according to TCVN 7452-1:2004 (EN 1026:2000);
– Determining water tightness according to TCVN 7452-2:2004 (EN 1027:2000);
– Determining wind load resistance according to TCVN 7452-3:2004;
– Testing repeated opening and closing according to TCVN 7452-6:2004 (ISO 9379:1989).
8. Labeling, storage, transportation
8.1. There must be a registered symbol and trademark of the manufacturer, on the inside of the top rail.
8.2. Store doors in a dry place, avoid impact and deformation, and avoid direct environmental impacts.
8.3. Pay attention to packing with padding, bracing and covering when transporting.
APPENDIX A (Regulation) DOORSET – REPEATED OPENING AND CLOSING TEST
A.1. Principle
During the test, the door is opened and closed a number of times similar to normal use. The test includes the technical requirements of the door accessories equipped on the doorset. Before and after the test, record the technical requirements of the door.
A.2. Equipment, tools
A.2.1. A frame for the test sample is prepared, rigid enough to withstand the test pressure without causing deviations to the extent that can damage the connection or cause bending stress on the test sample. When the operating conditions are known, the installation of the test sample is required, when installed anywhere, to ensure normal operating conditions.
A.2.2. Four displacement measuring devices, with an accuracy of up to 0.1 mm to compare the position of the door leaf with the door frame, in the door plane, are installed in accordance with Figure A.1.
A.3. Test preparation
A.3.1. Lubricate the moving parts in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
A.3.2. Open and close the door five times and read the results on the displacement measuring devices.
A.4. Procedure
A.4.1. Connect the door to the opening and closing device with a maximum cycle of 15 opening and closing times per minute.
A.4.2. Open the door leaf at an angle of 800 ± 50 and close by pushing the door leaf without using the handle. When closing the door, the closing force is also applied at the handle but the door has moved before the leaf slams into the frame.
A.4.3. Just before contacting the door frame, the door leaf has an angular velocity of 1 rad/s ± 0.1 rad/s (about 600/s) or an angular velocity corresponding to the technical requirements of the door. In each cycle, the self-closing latch is tightly clamped to the striking plate.
A.4.4. If an opening angle other than 800 ± 50 is performed (see clause A.4.2), this must be included in the test report.
A.4.5. During the test, take readings on the displacement measuring device at appropriate time intervals.
A.4.6. The number of cycles performed in the test is recorded in the technical specification of the door.
A.4.7. After that, take the final reading on the displacement measuring device and measure the closing force of the door in accordance with (see Table 2).
A.5. Test report
The test report includes the following information:
a) Relevant details about the type, size, weight, shape and manufacturing method of the door;
b) Type of accessories and method of assembly into the door;
c) Closing force before and after the test;
d) Opening angle, if the opening angle is different from 800 ± 50;
e) Number of cycles;
f) Time for each cycle;
g) Displacement length and apex angle of the closing face;
h) All damages during the test time.
KEY:
1. Door frame
2. Door leaf
3. Handle
4. Hinge
5. Displacement measuring device
6. Surrounding frame
Figure A.1 – Repeated opening and closing test
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ISO 8274:1985, Doorsets – Determination of closing force
