Foreword

TCVN 9366-1:2012 was converted from TCXD 192:1996 according to the provisions of clause 1 Article 69 of the Law on Standards and Technical Regulations and point b) Clause 1 Article 7 of Decree 127/2007/ND-CP dated August 1, 2007 of the Government detailing the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Standards and Technical Regulations.

TCVN 9366-1:2012 was compiled by the Institute of Architecture, Urban and Rural Planning, proposed by the Ministry of Construction, appraised by the Directorate for Standards, Metrology and Quality, and announced by the Ministry of Science and Technology.

1. Scope

This standard specifies technical requirements and installation guidelines for common wooden doors and windows with or without fixed frames, opening by hinge type.

NOTES:

1) Special requirements for fire safety, radiation safety,… are not specified in this standard;

2) This standard can be referred to for doors with dimensions other than those specified in this standard.

2. Referenced documents

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the cited edition applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

TCVN 2737:1995, Loads and actions – Design standard.

TCVN 5373:1991, Furniture – Technical requirements.

TCVN 7452-1:2004 (EN 1026:2000), Windows and doors. Test methods. Part 1: Determination of air permeability.

TCVN 7452-2:2004 (EN 1027:2000); Windows and doors. Test methods. Part 2: Determination of watertightness.

TCVN 7452-3:2004, Windows and doors. Test methods. Part 3: Determination of resistance to wind load.

TCVN 7452-6:2004 (ISO 9379:1989), Windows and doors. Test methods. Part 6: Test of repeated opening and closing.

ISO 6443, Door leaves – Method for measurement of height, width, thickness and squareness.

AS 2688, Timber doors.

3. Symbols and abbreviations

3.1. Doors are denoted by a group of Latin letters and a group of Arabic numerals. The group of Latin letters represents the name. The lowercase letters indicating the main material for the door leaf are placed below, to the right of the symbol. The group of Arabic numerals represents the door opening dimensions (width and length) and the design wind pressure (if any).

3.2. Some symbols used in this standard:

– S: Window;

– D: Door;

– G: Wood;

– T: Steel;

– N: Aluminum alloy;

– Nh: Plastic;

– K: Glass.

For example, specifying door symbol: Door SGK 1200 x 1500 – 980 Pa- Wood-glass window with opening width of 1200 mm and height of 1500 mm, withstanding a design wind pressure of 980 Pa.

4. Classification

Depending on the opening form, doors are classified as follows (See Figure 1):

– Hinge type placed vertically, horizontally or mixed;

– Revolving type, along a vertical axis or horizontal axis;

– Sliding type vertically or horizontally;

– Lever arm type.

Figure 1 – Door opening forms

5. Technical requirements

5.1. Geometric dimensions and dimensional deviations

5.1.1. The dimensions of wood doors and windows are specified in Table 1.

Table 1 – Basic dimensions of wood doors and windows

Dimensions in millimeters

5.1.2. The allowable dimensional deviations for squareness, warpage and curvature are specified in Table 2.

Table 2 – Allowable dimensional deviations

5.2. Technical requirements for doors

5.2.1. The durability of doors includes impact resistance, wind pressure resistance, watertightness, and air permeability.

5.2.2. The indicators and allowable limits for door durability are specified in Table 3.

Table 3 – Technical requirements for doors

5.3. Durability

In addition to the above provisions, it is necessary to check the implementation of measures to protect against termites, beetles, mold, especially for exterior doors or doors placed in permanently humid locations, according to current regulations.

For exterior doors, it is necessary to check the structural design to prevent rainwater from entering below the bottom horizontal bar and to check the prevention of drafts through the gaps between the door leaf and the frame, or between the two door leaves.

5.4. Requirements for main materials and door accessories

5.4.1. Wood materials

5.4.1.1. Technical requirements for wood are taken according to the provisions of Table 1 of TCVN 5373: 1991. Allowable moisture content of wood for door processing is from 13% to 17%.

5.4.1.2. For interior doors or exterior doors, placed in permanently or temporarily humid locations, when selecting wood groups, refer to Appendix B of this standard.

5.4.1.3. Wood products such as plywood, fiberboard… can be used as door leaves, but must ensure the requirements as specified in this standard.

5.4.2. Glass

Glass used in door assemblies complies with current regulations and is suitable for usage requirements.

5.4.3. Adhesive

5.4.3.1. The adhesive is required to ensure tight bonding of the frame joints, durability, moisture resistance and satisfy the door testing requirements.

5.4.3.2. Only use adhesives when processing wood parts with a moisture content of less than 15%.

5.4.4. Door accessories

5.4.4.1. The type and quality level of door accessories depend on the provisions in the order contract, the quantity, dimensions and fixing method of each type of door accessory must meet the testing or design requirements.

5.4.4.2. The surface layer of door accessories and other metal accessories, if not made of stainless material, must be protected against oxidation by a layer of zinc, nickel, chrome plating… Do not plate with iron minimum.

6. Requirements for processing – connecting – installing

6.1. The door structure is fabricated according to the correct order design or sample design, typical design, especially in terms of style, dimensions, cross-section and door accessories.

6.2. The tenon and mortise must fit tightly, the gap not greater than 0.5 mm. The tenon surface is smoothed without saw marks, assembled evenly. The engagement depth of the tenon must not be less than the width of the door frame bar.

6.3. Connecting the bars of the leaf frame, door frame by tenons, dowels and adhesive must create a rigid frame; limit the use of screws and brackets. Connecting the door frame to the wall by door posts, anchors or shims.

6.4. Covering strips between two door leaves, between the door frame and the masonry; glass pane strips (replacing wooden putty with suitable hardwood) have a constant thickness along the length, color harmonized with the door structure; connect the strips to the door by screws.

6.5. The window sill must ensure water drainage. The drain holes must not be smaller than 5 mm² (preferably 10 mm²). There should be a detail to deflect rainwater below the window leaf frame.

6.6. Window bars or door leaf bars ensure they cannot be broken; the spacing between the bars is based on usage requirements.

6.7. The top frame bar (if replacing the lintel function) must be calculated to ensure strength and deformation.

6.8. The bars of the door frame and leaf frame can be joined, but must ensure strength. The groove for inserting panels has a depth of not less than 8 mm. The groove for inserting glass has a depth of not less than 12 mm. The rebate depth of the door frame equals the total thickness of the leaf frame plus 3 mm but not less than 13 mm. If there are holes for wiring in the door frame bars, the distance between the bottom of the hole and the bottom of the rebate (hole surface) must not be less than 35 mm.

6.9. Louvers are assembled directly or indirectly by a louver frame. Connecting the louver frame to the door leaf frame by screws. Connecting the louvers to the door leaf frame by grooves or tenons. The most suitable louver angle is 60°.

6.10. Hinges are placed on the same axis. The hinge placement depth does not exceed the hinge thickness, the maximum deviation is 1 mm. Doors with a height greater than 1500 mm have a number of hinges not less than 2.

6.11. Installing glass into door leaf panes needs to follow the correct design and requirements of current regulations.

6.12. Pay attention to checking the quality of the glass panes, the dimensions of the glass rebates, the cutting of the glass, the installation, the fixing pads and the selection of the putty.

6.13. Putty can be used to ensure watertightness between the glass and the leaf frame, but do not use linseed oil putty. Only use glazing putty in an environment with a temperature greater than 12 °C.

6.14. The same type of paint or varnish should be used for the door, including the primer coat and the finishing coat. Paint the hard-to-paint areas before assembly.

6.15. The maximum time to ensure the quality of the varnish coating of door sets installed in humid locations can be taken as follows:

a) 3 months for the varnish primer coat;

6 months for the paint primer coat;

b) 6 months for 2 varnish primer coats;

12 months for 2 paint primer coats.

6.16. Installation requirements for doors

6.16.1. The masonry must meet the construction quality, the door opening must be placed at the correct design height and dimensions; straight, square, not warped.

6.16.2. Install the door frame at the same time as the wall construction and reinforcement strips. Hinges, anchors connected to the masonry according to requirements are wrapped tightly with yellow sand cement mortar.

6.16.3. Install the hinge door leaf (frameless door) after the door opening reaches load-bearing strength. The door set is temporarily fixed until the mortar layer bonding with the wall (or hinges) reaches load-bearing strength.

7. Test methods

7.1. Dimension check: use a suitable length metal ruler with scale divisions accurate to 0.5 mm.

7.2. Determine air permeability according to TCVN 7452-1:2004 (EN 1026:2000).

7.3. Determine watertightness according to TCVN 7452-2:2004 (EN 1027:2000).

7.4. Determine resistance to wind load according to TCVN 7452-3:2004.

7.5. Test of opening, closing, and repeatability according to TCVN 7452-6:2004 (ISO 9379:1989).

7.6. Determine impact resistance according to AS 2688.

8. Labeling, storage and transportation

8.1. There must be a registered trademark of the manufacturer on the inside surface of the top or bottom horizontal frame bar. The letter height must not be less than 20 mm.

In addition, the label may specify:

– Design wind pressure for windows;

– Recognized quality grade according to current regulations.

8.2. When not yet installed, doors need to be stored in a dry place, not subjected to impact, deformation and avoiding direct environmental effects.

8.3. When transporting, attention should be paid to stacking with padding, lashing and covering.

APPENDIX A (Referential) METHOD FOR DETERMINING CURVATURE AND WARPAGE OF DOORS

(according to ISO 6443)

A.1. Scope

This method applies to determine the curvature and warpage of doors.

A.2. Terms, definitions

Flatness

The coincidence with the standard plane of the edges of a door leaf.

A.3. Principle

The quantities of warpage and longitudinal curvature, transverse curvature of a door leaf in its natural state are calculated from the standard plane.

A.4. Test sample

The test sample is a complete door; if there are glass panes, the glass may or may not be installed.

A.5. Equipment

1) Straightedge or plumb line, with a length at least equal to the height of the tested door;

2) Measuring ruler of suitable length, with an accuracy of 0.5 mm.

A.6. Procedure

A.6.1. Determining warpage

a) Hold the door upright, without wedging or clamping;

b) Select any three corners of one face as the standard plane. The measuring points are 20 mm from the adjacent edges (Figure A.1);

c) Measure the deviation of the fourth corner from the standard plane (read to 0.5 mm).

See Figure A.1

The unit is millimeters.

LEGEND:
P1, P2, P3, P4: Standard plane determined at 4 points
S: Measured dimension of warpage.

Figure A.1 – Measuring warpage

A.6.2. Determining curvature

a) Hold the door upright, without wedging or clamping;

b) Place the ruler parallel to the edge and 20 mm from the edge;

c) Measure the maximum distance at the measuring points, perpendicular to the door surface and the measuring ruler, read to 0.5 mm

See Figure A.2.

The unit is millimeters.

LEGEND:
1, 2, 3, 4: Positions of the measuring points

Figure A.2 – Measuring curvature at points 1, 2, 3, 4.

A.7. Reporting measurement results

a) Describe the test sample;

b) Dimension of curvature, warpage, in mm;

c) Record the test standard number

APPENDIX B (Referential) STANDARD FOR CLASSIFYING WOOD FOR DOORS

B.1. Wood for doors, especially windows, where it is frequently in direct contact with abnormal weather changes such as: rain, sunshine, heat, cold; therefore, there need to be strict requirements on the shrinkage and expansion properties of the wood, in particular, the volumetric shrinkage coefficients of the wood must be from small to medium and the wood types should not have twisted grains. Other properties such as density need to be considered for selection.

B.2. Classifying the usage characteristics of wood for doors into 3 quality grades A, B, C as follows:

B.2.1. Volumetric shrinkage coefficient:

A. Below 0.5;

B. From 0.5 to 0.65;

C. Above 0.65.

B.2.2. Density (g/m³) calculated at 12% moisture content:

A. Above 0.6;

B. From 0.45 to 0.6;

C. Below 0.45.

B.2.3. Static bending strength (MPa):

A. Above 80;

B. From 60 to 80;

C. Below 60.

B.2.4. Natural durability (years):

A. Above 7;

B. From 4 to 7;

C. Below 4.

B.2.5. Wood treatment, impregnation ability:

A. Easy;

B. Moderately difficult;

C. Very difficult.

B.2.6. Processing ability:

A. Easy;

B. Moderately difficult;

C. Very difficult.

B.3. Grading rules based on the A, B, C quality of wood characteristics, divided into 3 grades as follows:

B.3.1. Grade I. Most wood types have grade A quality, except the treatment characteristic may vary if the natural durability is A.

B.3.2. Grade II. Most wood types have grade B quality or above, allowing one characteristic to be grade C.

B.3.3. Grade III. The main wood characteristics are grade B and C.

B.4. Natural wood names and grading of natural wood for doors

Table B.1 – Grading of natural wood for doors

APPENDIX C (Referential) METHOD FOR DETERMINING IMPACT RESISTANCE OF DOORS

(according to AS 2688)

C.1. Scope

Testing the impact resistance of doors.

C.2. Principle

A metal rod, with a hemispherical head, is dropped freely at a predetermined point on the door, from a predetermined height. Afterwards, the impact point is examined for indentation depth and other damage.

C.3. Test sample

A complete door, with the adhesives of the door fully cured. If there are glass panes, the glass should not be installed.

C.4. Test equipment

C.4.1. Steel rod with a diameter of 40 mm, one end machined round with a radius of 20 mm, marked at a distance of 240 mm ± 0.5 mm from the machined end. The mass of the steel rod is 3 kg ± 0.5 kg.

C.4.2. Guide tube 360 mm long, with a flanged base plate. The steel rod is fitted inside this tube.

C.4.3. Support not shorter than the length of the test sample, 50 mm wide.

C.4.4. Length measuring device, with scale divisions in millimeters.

C.5. Procedure

C.5.1. Place the guide tube vertically on the test sample with the tube center on one side and 120 mm from the base. Hold the base plate firmly in contact with the panel.

C.5.2. Insert the steel rod into the guide tube so that the bottom of the rod inside is level with the top of the guide tube.

C.5.3. Drop the steel rod onto the door surface.

C.5.4. Examine each test on the door surface and other damage. Measure the indentation depth.

The unit is millimeters.

Figure C.1 – Test equipment for impact resistance of doors

C.6. Test report

In the report, the following points should be noted:

– Identification of the described test sample;

– Measurement of indentation depth;

– Comments on damage at the test points;

– Record the test standard number

APPENDIX D (Referential) OPERATION OF WINDOW FRAMES

(According to BS 6375-2)^[1]

D.1. Scope

This appendix specifies the test (inspection) method for the operation of windows in the condition of complete windows equipped with all door accessories, under normal usage conditions.

The operability of windows depends not only on the height of the window and/or the user, but also on the door accessories that limit or hinder window operation. The operating force of the window must be suitable for the majority of users.

D.2. Referenced documents

This appendix uses the provisions within the scope of test number 2: Operation of door frames in BS 6375 standard.

D.3. Principle

During the test, the window is opened and closed multiple times over a specified time period in a normal usage manner. The test force value that easily opens the window to a specified conventional length, within a conventional time, is measured. The force values are measured and recorded in the test report.

D.4. Equipment, tools

D.4.1. The test sample is a newly manufactured window, prepared for installation and use, fixed to a sufficiently rigid surrounding frame, ensuring the window is fixed upright, square and not warped or bent.

D.4.2. Test force measuring device, with a deviation of ± 1% N. Stopwatch with a deviation of ±0.1 s. The window is opened and closed 20 times prior. Do not test windows with an initial opening restriction mechanism up to 100 mm.

D.5. Test preparation

D.5.1. Lubricate the moving parts of the window sample in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

D.5.2. Before testing, open and close the window 20 times. Do not latch the window during testing.

D.6. Procedure

D.6.1. Connect the window to the test devices such as force gauge, stopwatch and device to measure the displacement length of the window leaf (or measure the opening angle of the window leaf).

D.6.2. From the closed position, open, start the window frame, and from the open position, close the (window) frame ensuring the leaf moves a maximum of not more than 300 mm. Measure the starting opening force and closing force values corresponding to the number of opening and closing cycles. The force application point and force direction are similar to normal usage conditions.

D.6.3. Measure the sustained (holding) force value for the window frame to move uniformly in the maximum opening and closing direction. In the case of windows with hinges suspended at the top of the frame, measure the maximum opening force values up to 300 mm from the closed position.

These force values shall not exceed the values specified in Table D.1.

Table D.1 – Operation of window frames

Unit is Newton

D.7. Test report

The test report includes the following information:

a) Relevant details about the type, size, mass, shape and fabrication of the window;

b) Type and installation method of window accessories;

c) Lubrication and adjustment, if necessary;

d) Starting closing, opening force of the window;

e) Sustained force for frame movement;

f) Length of frame movement;

g) Frame movement time;

h) Relevant damage appearing during the test period.

APPENDIX E (Referential) WINDOWS AND WINDOWS ABOVE DOORS – WIND RESISTANCE TEST

(According to ISO 6612)[2]

E.0. Introduction

The effect of wind on windows is demonstrated, by positive and negative pressures, among other effects, which can be based on the following tests:

These tests allow testing a complete window, under the influence of wind action to check the window:

– Has an acceptable deformation;

– Maintains the window’s characteristics;

– Does not cause danger to the user.

E.1. Scope

This appendix specifies the commonly used test method to evaluate the structural properties of windows under static positive and/or negative pressure, installed on external walls and supplied as a complete product unit and fully installed.

This appendix applies to all windows, including windows above doors, manufactured from any material, under normal operating conditions in a completed building, designed and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations, withstanding the test conditions below. This standard does not apply to the connections between the window and the frame components, as well as materials.

E.2. Terms, definitions

E.2.1. Permanent residual deformation: a change in shape and dimensions that does not disappear when the force is no longer acting.

E.2.2. Frontal displacement: the displacement of a point on a window, measured perpendicular to the window surface.

E.2.3. Frontal deviation: the maximum difference between the frontal displacements measured on the same window.

E.2.4. Relative frontal deviation: the frontal deviation value taken as the difference in distance between the two ends of the window under consideration.

E.2.5. Differential pressure: the difference between the absolute air pressure on the outside surface of the window and the absolute air pressure on the inside surface of the same window.

The difference is positive when the outside pressure is higher than the inside pressure. In the opposite case, the difference is negative. This pressure is expressed in Pa.

E.3. Principle

E.3.1. The frontal deviation test must reach a differential pressure P1 in both positive and negative directions, which can be calculated by the relative frontal deviation.

E.3.2. The repeated action in the positive and negative direction of the differential pressure must reach P2 for n cycles. This test can be evaluated either by operating characteristics or permanent residual deformation or both.

E.3.3. The safety test under the action in the positive and negative direction of the differential pressure must reach P3 for one cycle. This test can either be evaluated by operating characteristics or permanent residual deformation or both.

The required values of P1, P2, P3 and the test time requirements will be determined by the competent authority.

E.4. Equipment, tools

The basic test equipment consists of the following:

a) Chamber with an opening to place the test window installed in the window frame (see E.5);

b) Means to provide a controllable air differential pressure across the window;

c) Device with controllable rapid changes; due to air differential pressure between defined limits;

d) Means to measure the pressure difference between the two surfaces of the window;

e) Displacement measuring device;

f) Means to measure the position of the frontal displacement measuring devices and ensure stability during the test period.

E.5. Preparation of test window

Prepare a frame for the test sample, the frame being sufficiently rigid to withstand the test pressure without causing deviation to the extent that it can damage the connections or cause bending stress on the test sample. When the operating conditions are known, the installation of the test sample is based on this (for example, a curtain wall-type partition window).

The window is fixed upright, square, and not twisted or bent.

The thickness, type of glass and glass installation method follow the manufacturer’s requirements. When there are no instructions or when there is a possibility that the window will use different types of glass, the test is performed with the thinnest glass according to the area.

Door accessories installed on the test window will be supplied or specified by the manufacturer.

The ambient air temperature of the test room and the air temperature of the test chamber are measured and recorded in the report.

Apply three pulses of air pressure, with a duration greater than one cycle, not less than one second, and the pressure is maintained for three seconds. These pulses are applied at the required pressure for the deformation test (P1), but not less than 500 Pa.

With the pressure reduced to 0, all operating parts of the window will be opened and closed five times and finally remain in the closed position.

If it is desired to examine the window’s resistance under positive and negative pressure and negative pressure, one of the three tests (see E.6) will be performed, first with positive pressure and then with negative pressure. A preparation as described in the second paragraph of this clause before measuring deformation under negative pressure.

E.6. Procedure

The window will undergo the tests in the sequence as presented in Figure E.1 and Figure E.2.

E.6.1. Deformation test

Place the device in position to measure changes in position relative to the window plane. Subject the window to a pressure, then increase for each stage in which, for a stage, maintain for at least 10 s, up to the maximum pressure required (P1) for this test.

The pressures at these stages are 100 Pa, 200 Pa, 300 Pa, 400 Pa, 500 Pa and then can increase up to a maximum of 250 Pa in each stage, especially if the required test pressure is higher than 500 Pa.

At each differential pressure, measure the frontal deviation at points characteristic of the test sample type. If these points are located on the frame or panel, they will be measured along the longitudinal axis of the frame member. The reference surface is a fixed plane, which can be that of the frame.

With the pressure reduced to 0, record the permanent frontal residual displacement at the characteristic points after stabilizing the readings.

E.6.2. Repeated pressure test

The window will have to withstand n pulses between 0 and P2. The transition time from one pressure value to another will not be less than 1 s. At each pulse, the pressure acts at the minimum or maximum values for at least 3 s. After completing the test, open or close the moving parts of the window five times.

Record all damage to the window or functional defects of the window after this test.

E.6.3. Safety test

The maximum required pressure P3 will be applied as quickly as possible, but not less than 1 s, and held up to 3 s.

Record any permanent deformations, damage and functional defects of the window after this test.

E.6.4. Graph

The two figures below show the operating sequence as in the examples:

– Only test pressure with either positive pressure or negative pressure (Figure E.1);

– Test with both positive and negative pressure (Figure E.2)

The graphs showing the operating sequence are also presented in the report.

E.7. Test report

Sketch the window indicating those points.

The deformation test results (see E.6.1) will be expressed in mm and the pressure expressed in Pa.

Permanent residual deformation will be specified.

Record the damage and functional defects of each test result and indicate them on the window sketch.

Figure E.1 – Example of test pressure with only positive pressure or negative pressure

NOTE: The time shown here is the minimum mandatory time except for the safety test (P3) for a duration of 3 s.

Figure E.2 – Example of test pressure for both positive and negative pressure

APPENDIX G (Referential) WINDOWS AND WINDOWS ABOVE DOORS – AIR PERMEABILITY TEST

(according to ISO 6613) [4].

G.1. Scope

This appendix specifies the method used to test the air permeability of windows installed on external walls and supplied as a complete product unit and fully assembled.

G.2. Field of application

This appendix applies to all windows, including windows above doors, manufactured from any material, under normal operating conditions in a completed building, designed and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations, withstanding the test conditions below.

This appendix does not apply to the connections between the window and materials and frame components.

G.3. Terms, definitions

G.3.1. Differential pressure

The difference between the absolute air pressure on the outside surface of the window and the air pressure on the inside surface of the same window.

The difference is positive when the outside pressure is higher than the inside pressure. In the opposite case, it is negative pressure, pressure expressed in Pa.

G.3.2. Air permeability

The property of a closed window to allow air to pass through when subjected to the effect of differential pressure.

Air permeability is characterized by an air flow under standard conditions, expressed in m³/h as a function of pressure. This air flow can be related to the open surface area of the window (air flow per unit surface area, in m³/h/m²), or to the length of the opening joints (air flow per unit surface area, in m²/h/m²).

G.3.3. Operable part of the window

The part of the window that can move within the main frame. By convention, the surface area of this window equals the area visible from the inside out.

This window area is calculated from the dimensions commonly used to determine the length of the joints.

G.3.4. Length of joints

The sum of all the perimeters of all the windows mentioned in H.3.3 present in the test sample, based on the overall visible dimensions of these parts as seen from the inside out.

Where two opening leaves abut each other, the length is only counted once.

G.3.5. Test sample area

The area is calculated covering the dimensions of the test sample.

G.3.6. Standard conditions

The following values are considered as standard conditions for determining air flow:

Temperature: 20 °C;

Pressure: 101.3 kPa;

Air density: 1.202 kg/m³.

Some materials will require additional testing for windows. This test is performed with different outside and inside temperatures.

G.4. Equipment, tools

The test equipment mainly consists of:

G.4.1. Chamber with a door opening to place the test window installed in the frame;

G.4.2. Means to provide a controllable differential pressure blowing across the window;

G.4.3. Device to make rapid changes of air differential pressure between defined limits;

G.4.4. Means of air flow into or out of the test chamber;

G.4.5. Means to measure the pressure difference between the two surfaces of the window.

G.5. Preparation of test window

Prepare a frame for the test sample. The frame is sufficiently rigid to withstand the test pressure without causing deviation to the extent that it can damage the connections or cause bending stress on the test sample. When the installation conditions are known, as in practice, the test sample is installed as below.

The window is fixed upright, square, and not twisted or bent. The window has been cleaned and completely dried (no water remaining on the surface).

The thickness, type of glass and glass installation method follow the manufacturer’s requirements. When there are no instructions or when there is a possibility that the window will use different types of glass, the tests will be performed with the thinnest glass according to the installed area.

G.6. Preparation for testing

The air temperature of the test room and the test chamber are measured and recorded in the report.

Apply three pulses of air pressure, with a duration greater than 1 s. Each pulse is maintained for at least 3 s. These pulses are tested at a pressure 10 % higher than the required P_max for the test, but not less than 500 Pa.

With the pressure reduced to 0, all operating parts of the window will be opened and closed five times and finally remain in the closed position.

External air leakage from the equipment must be calculated beforehand to eliminate it. External air leakage from the test chamber is determined with the test sample sealed, when measuring the differential pressure used during the air leakage test.

The device for measuring air leakage through the window can be used to measure external leakage or it may be necessary to provide additional air measuring equipment.

The accepted method for measuring air leakage through the test sample and external leakage is recorded in the test report.

G.7. Testing

The window is tested up to the positive pressure increased through stages to the maximum pressure required for the test in a cycle of at least 10 s at each stage. The pressures at these stages are 50 Pa, 100 Pa, 150 Pa, 200 Pa, 300 Pa, 400 Pa, 500 Pa, 600 Pa and then can be increased in steps of up to 100 Pa, especially if the required test pressure is higher than 600 Pa.

Afterwards, the pressure will be applied in the reverse order.

NOTE: If air permeability testing is required in the opposite direction, that is, under negative pressure, this method will be applied.

G.8. Graph

The graphs in Figure H.1 and Figure H.2 indicate a sequence of operations to measure:

– A required pressure P_max less than 600 Pa, such as 300 Pa (see Figure H.1)

– A required pressure P_max greater than 600 Pa, such as 700 Pa (see Figure H.2)

G.9. Test report

The air flow readings at each pressure are recorded. The higher value of the two readings, at each pressure, increasing as well as decreasing, is recorded in the test report.

For each tested window, the volume of air flow through the test sample recorded in the test report will be adjusted to standard conditions according to the formula:

Where:

p – measured air pressure, in kPa;

V – measured air flow volume, in m³/h;

T – measured temperature of the air flow, in kelvin.

Air permeability expressed in m³/h:

– Total window area, in m²

– Area of a window, in m²;

– Opening joint, in meters.

One or more sketch graphs are presented showing all relevant data and included in the test report.

Figure H.1 – Example of Pmax less than 600Pa

Figure H.2 – Example of Pmax, greater than 600Pa

APPENDIX H (Normative) REGULATIONS ON TERMS USED IN THIS STANDARD

H.1. Opening (opening)

The void in a partition wall, floor, roof, or other structure to place a door or door set.

H.2. Door set, window frame (door-set, window frame)

Includes the door leaf and door frame.

H.3. Door frame, window frame (door frame, window frame)

The structure connecting the bars, fixed around the perimeter of the opening, to hang the door leaf.

H.4. Leaf (leaf)

The movable part of the door set, including the leaf frame and the leaf panels assembled with boards, glass or metal bars (if any).

H.5. Sash (sash)

The frame structure to connect the components of the door leaf, such as panels or glass panes, or louvers or metal bars. The connection is usually by grooves (rebates), tenons or pins. The door sash includes multiple door leaf panels.

H.6. Muntin, glazing bar, intermediate rail (muntin, glazing bar, intermediate rail)

The horizontal or vertical component of the door leaf panels. There are vertical and horizontal muntins, main and secondary muntins.

H.7. Opening light leaf (opening light leaf)

A small leaf attached to the door leaf for light, ventilation.

H.8. Door (A.door)

A structure that is opened in a partition wall or partition, allowing passage.

H.9. Window (window)

A structure covering an opening, which can be opened and closed to regulate light, wind, rain splashes, ventilation.

H.10. Fanlight window (overhead door, fanlight window)

The upper part of the door that does not open frequently, can be opened and closed for light and ventilation.

H.11. Door accessories (fitting)

Metal hardware devices attached to the door set for operation and to ensure safe use; including hinges, handles, locks, bolts and bolt keepers, wind hooks, etc.

H.12. External door, window (external door, window)

A door with at least one surface on the outside of the building, directly affected by weather agents.

H.13. Inside door, window (inside door, window)

A door with both surfaces on the inside of the building.

H.14. Framing door, window; joinery door (framing door, window; joinery door)

A door with a leaf frame structure.

REFERENCES

[1] BS 6375-2, Performance of windows and doors. Classification for operation and strength characteristics and guidance on selection and specification

[2] ISO 6612:1980, Windows and door height windows – Wind resistance tests

[3] BS 5368-2:1980¹⁾, Methods of testing windows. Watertightness test under static pressure

[4] ISO 6613: 1980, Windows and door height windows – Air permeability test

1) Currently replaced by BS EN 1027: 2000