Foreword

TCVN 9211:2012 was converted from TCXDVN 361:2006 according to the provisions of Clause 1, Article 69 of the Law on Standards and Technical Regulations and Point b), Clause 1, Article 7 of the Government’s Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August 1, 2007 detailing the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Standards and Technical Regulations.

TCVN 9211:2012 was compiled by the Institute of Architecture, Urban and Rural Planning – Ministry of Construction, proposed by the Ministry of Construction, appraised by the Directorate for Standards, Metrology and Quality, and announced by the Ministry of Science and Technology in Decision No. 3621/QD-BKHCN dated December 28, 2012.

1. Scope

1.1. This standard applies to the design of new construction and renovation of markets in urban areas, rural areas and mountainous areas. The types of markets specified in this standard include:

• General markets;
• Specialized markets;
• Convenience markets;
• Wholesale markets;
• Traditional cultural markets.

1.2. This standard only deals with markets organized at locations according to planning, meeting the demand for goods trading and consumption needs of the residential area.

2. Referenced documents

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

TCVN 2622, Fire protection for buildings and constructions – Design requirements.

TCVN 4474, Interior drainage – Design standard.

TCVN 4513, Interior water supply – Design standard.

TCVN 5687:2010, Ventilation – Air conditioning – Design standard.

TCVN 5760, Fire extinguishing system – General requirements for design, installation and use.

TCVN 6161, Fire protection. Markets and trade centers – Design requirements.

TCVN 7447, Electrical installation of buildings.

TCVN 8052-1:2009, Corrugated bituminous roofing sheets – Part 1 – Technical requirements.

TCVN 8053:2009, Corrugated roofing sheets – Design requirements and installation instructions

TCVN 9385:2012¹⁾, Lightning protection for buildings – Guidelines for design, inspection and maintenance of the system

TCVN 9386-1:2012¹⁾, Earthquake resistant design of structures. Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings.

QTD 14 TCN 18:1984²⁾, Requirements for electrical power design.

TCXD 29:1991²⁾, Daylighting in civil works – Design standards.

TCXDVN 264:2002²⁾, Buildings and constructions – Basic principles of construction for accessibility of disabled people.

3. Terms and definitions

3.1. Market

Public architectural environment of a residential area prescribed by the authority, allowing trading activities of goods and commercial services.

3.2. General market

Market that trades many product lines.

3.3. Specialized market

Market specializing in trading one product line or a number of product lines with specific characteristics and distinctive features.

3.4. Wholesale market

Market that plays the main role of attracting and concentrating a large volume of goods from production and business sources in the economic area or product line to continue distributing to markets and other distribution channels.

3.5. Traditional cultural market

Type of market that has a history or is built and developed to trade in products typical of the locality, and at the same time has other cultural activities, with the aim of promoting traditional cultural values and attracting tourism.

3.6. Convenience market

Grade 3 market (managed by wards or communes) that trades common and essential goods to serve the daily life of the people.

3.7. Rural market

Communal market of districts and in suburban areas.

3.8. Mountainous market

Communal market in mountainous districts.

3.9. Market area

The area planned for market activities including the area for arranging trading points, service areas (such as parking lots, warehouses, dining and entertainment areas and other services), courtyards, gardens and internal roads of the market.

3.10. Vendor’s trading point

Common name for a shop, stall, counter, booth, kiosk of a vendor that is fixedly arranged within the market area according to the market construction design.

3.11. Standard unit trading point

Trading point with a minimum standard area of 3 m²/point, abbreviated as trading point (written as TP).

3.12. Total area of trading points

The total area of the standard unit trading points (corresponding to the scale criterion of the number of trading points of the market).

3.13. Vendor

Individual or unit that has a registered trading point at the market.

3.14. Vending kiosk

Common name for a small architectural construction, which is an independent construction or a room in a row of houses or a defined space in the main market building, also known as a vendor’s stall or trading point.

3.15. Customer circulation area

The area for walking, standing, viewing, and purchasing goods of customers within the trading area (this area does not include the circulation area within the vendor clusters).

3.16. Trading area

The area of buying and selling activities, including both indoor and outdoor trading areas.

3.17. Indoor trading area

The area of buying and selling activities, including the area of the vendors’ trading points and the customer circulation area, for regular traders.

3.18. Outdoor trading area

The free trading area, arranged outdoors, in the market courtyard. Usually not specifically divided for any particular vendor, for non-regular traders.

3.19. Vendor cluster

A collection of vendors’ trading points delimited by secondary circulation routes.

3.20. Vending zone

A collection of vendor clusters delimited by main circulation routes.

3.21. Market management and business cooperative

The organization established, registered for business and operating in accordance with the law which is assigned or wins the bid for the business, exploitation and management of the market by the competent authority.

3.22. Religious space

Public area within the market area, mainly serving vendors for worship and praying for luck, according to religious beliefs.

4. General provisions

4.1. The design of new construction or renovation of markets must conform to the approved market network development plan and detailed planning of the area by the competent authority, the supply capacity of construction materials and equipment, and the local cultural traditions.

4.2. The development of market architectural space must follow a reasonable structure and suit the operational characteristics of different types of markets.

4.3. When calculating the market construction design, it is necessary to base on the service radius, the population size of the area and other actual conditions.

4.4. In market construction items with many buildings, they should be designed at the same grade.

4.5. When designing markets such as wholesale markets, specialized markets, traditional cultural markets, or markets with specific characteristics, proposals can be made on the location, scale, form of business and must be approved by the competent authority.

4.6. The market design must be agreed upon by the competent authorities regarding fire protection requirements and environmental impact assessment, ensuring requirements on food safety and hygiene during the market’s operation.

4.7. The market design must ensure environmental sanitation requirements: wastewater drainage, waste collection in close coordination with technical design solutions of adjacent works (such as organizing traffic routes including emergency exits, fire water pipe system, fire alarm, communication and other requirements depending on the type of market) in accordance with current regulations on construction investment management.

5. Market classification

5.1. Markets are classified based on the management level, the scale of the number of trading points, the grade of construction and the number of building floors. Markets are divided into 3 grades as specified in Table 1.

Table 1. Market classification

5.2. Grade 1 market

5.2.1. Grade 1 market is a market managed by the Province or City, with over 400 trading points, invested and constructed according to the planning. The market is located in the urban center of the province or city or is a wholesale market of the product line or economic region and is regularly organized.

5.2.2. Grade 1 market has a market area layout suitable to the scale of the market’s activities and fully meets market services such as: parking, loading and unloading of goods, storage of goods, measurement services, goods inspection, food safety and hygiene and other services.

5.3. Grade 2 market

5.3.1. Grade 2 market is a market managed by the District, Town or Township with 200 to 400 trading points, invested and constructed according to the planning. The market is located in a convenient position for economic exchange in the area and is organized regularly or irregularly.

5.3.2. Grade 2 market has a market area layout suitable to the scale of market activities and meets minimum services at the market such as: parking, loading and unloading of goods, storage of goods, measurement services, public sanitation.

5.4. Grade 3 market

5.4.1. Grade 3 market is a market managed by the ward or commune, with under 200 trading points. The market is located in a residential area, mainly trading types of goods to serve the buying and selling needs of the people in the ward, commune and surrounding areas.

5.4.2. Grade 3 market has a market area layout suitable to the scale of the market’s activities and organizes parking services.

5.4.3. Rural and mountainous markets are all grade 3 markets.

6. Requirements on planning, construction land and overall layout design of markets

6.1. Requirements on planning and location of market construction land

6.1.1. When planning the market network, depending on the population density of each area, based on that, determine the scale and service radius of the market, to conveniently meet the needs of the people in the area (See Figure 1):

• Grade 1 market does not specify the service radius;
• Grade 2 market has a radius of up to 3,000 m (serving 90,000 to 120,000 people);
• Grade 3 market has a radius of up to 1,000 m (serving 15,000 to 20,000 people).

6.1.2. The arrangement of location, site, construction area of the market must conform to the market network development planning and be convenient for supply sources, traffic, meeting the current market needs and the ability to expand the scale of the market in the later stage.

For markets such as wholesale markets, traditional cultural markets, specialized markets newly built, they should be located in the suburbs or outside the commune center.

NOTES:

1) Wholesale markets, traditional cultural markets, markets with other specific characteristics are types of markets where outdoor activity space is the main factor.

2) For mountainous markets, it is necessary to arrange more spaces to organize outdoor activities suitable to cultural and festival activities in the locality.

Figure 1 – Service radius by market grade

6.1.3. It is necessary to develop convenience retail markets in residential areas in cities and in communes and commune clusters in rural and mountainous areas, serving on-site production and life of the people. For rural markets, it is encouraged to increase the number of vendors in the market and increase the daily selling time of the vendors.

6.1.4. For specialized wholesale markets of agricultural products, they need to be built near the source of goods, convenient for transportation in order to develop the agricultural economy, but still must conform to the market network planning.

6.1.5. The location of the market must satisfy the safe distances for fire protection and environmental sanitation conditions. Do not arrange markets near schools, hospitals or works that require noise isolation.

6.1.6. The traffic directions approaching the market must be coordinated with the urban traffic system, rural traffic, conveniently connected with bus stations, train stations, ensuring the circulation of goods.

6.2. Standards for using market construction land

6.2.1. Market construction land is the area of the market, calculated according to the scale of the number of trading points. The minimum standard for using market construction land is specified in Table 2.

Table 2 – Minimum standard for using land per trading point

6.2.2. Markets should be organized in rural areas to serve essential daily needs, through the activities of buying, selling, exchanging goods and services within the commune or surrounding areas. The market construction land area is from 2,000 m² to 3,000 m².

NOTES:

1) For mountainous, remote and isolated areas, markets can be arranged according to commune clusters or inter-communes.

2) Service shops organized by the commune are arranged on the main road axis of the commune near the center. The calculation norm is from 1,000 people/selling place to 2,000 people/selling place.

6.2.3. For communes in remote and isolated areas, cooperative business entities can be organized to serve the buying and selling activities of food, fruits, agricultural products, forestry products, handicrafts or dining establishments. The land area is from 500 m² to 600 m². In addition, some shops can be built such as repair of household appliances, bicycles, motorcycles, tailoring, hairdressing to serve people’s living activities. The construction land area is from 300 m² to 400 m².

6.3. Functional components of markets

The basic functional components in a market include: market management board; regular business area; non-regular business area; auxiliary and technical facilities (see Figure 2).

Figure 2 – Diagram of the structure of market functional components

6.3.1. Market management board

Depending on the nature and scale of the market, this component usually includes:

• Office of the Market Management Board;
• Professional staff offices;
• Meeting room;
• Reception room;
• Information and operation room;
• Food safety and hygiene testing room;
• Goods quality management room;
• Office of the technical management team;
• Medical room;
• Office of the security and duty team.

NOTES:

1) For markets with specific characteristics and large scale, there may be additional working components located at the market such as tax office, police.

2) Depending on the scale and grade of the market to decide on the appropriate building components.

6.3.2. Regular business area

6.3.2.1. This area is divided into two main functional groups as follows:

a) Goods trading area:

• Fresh food;
• Traditional dry food;
• Industrial products;
• Handicrafts;
• Fabrics and clothing;
• Cosmetics;
• Grocery;
• Stationery;
• Cultural products;
• Household appliances;
• Ceramics;
• Chemicals and metals;
• Electrical appliances.

…

b) Service trading area:

• Food and beverage;
• Childcare;
• Luggage storage;
• Household appliance repair;
• Entertainment areas;
• Public bathing and laundry services;
• Loading and unloading of goods;
• Commercial information;
• Advertising;
• Banking – credit;
• Post and telecommunications.

…

6.3.2.2. The area of the functional components is taken according to the specific needs of each market.

6.3.3. Non-regular business area

6.3.3.1. The non-regular business area is arranged for selling goods in a separate area. The area of this component is usually not specifically divided for any particular vendor and is taken according to the actual needs of each market.

6.3.3.2. Depending on the conditions of each market, it can be arranged indoors with roofs or outdoors.

6.3.4. Auxiliary and technical facilities

6.3.4.1. The auxiliary and technical facilities are divided into two main functional groups as follows:

a) Auxiliary functional group:

• Toilets;
• Warehouses (as a service);
• Parking lots (as a service – basement, roofed, outdoors);
• Waste collection and treatment area;
• Security guard room;
• Religious space;
• For large-scale markets, cold storage is needed to store fresh food of vendors overnight.

b) Technical facility group:

• Electrical substations, backup generator stations;
• Electrical cabinets;
• Water pumping stations, water tanks;
• Ventilation and air conditioning technical rooms;
• Information technology, electronics, fire protection technical rooms.

6.3.4.2. Depending on the conditions of each market to select the appropriate construction items.

6.4. Requirements for overall layout design of markets

6.4.1. Depending on the nature, scale of the market and the determined land area, it is necessary to arrange the area of the market items appropriately, meeting the requirements of the allowable planning norms. Planning norms must comply with regulations on urban and rural construction planning [2], [3].

6.4.2. The overall layout of the market must reflect the relationship of the functional structure, in harmony with the landscape of the area, traffic and technical infrastructure between the inside and outside of the market area.

6.4.3. When designing the overall layout of the market, it is necessary to meet the current and future usage requirements for the land area of items such as: construction area of the main market building (and other roofed construction items), outdoor trading area, internal traffic and parking area, courtyard and green area.

NOTE: When designing the overall layout of the market, it is necessary to take into account the accessibility and usability of people with disabilities. Design requirements follow TCXDVN 264:2002.

6.4.4. The ratio of construction land area of items in the market is specified in Table 3.

Table 3 – Ratio of construction land area of items in the market

6.4.5. For wholesale markets (specializing in agricultural products, fresh food and some other items), when designing the overall layout, only organize the space of the main 1-storey market building, prioritize the main area for outdoor activities, especially pay attention to the traffic area for means of transport. The trading area (outdoor or roofed) is allowed to include the parking area when buying and selling activities take place right on the means of transport.

6.5. Space of the main market building and other roofed construction items

6.5.1. In the overall layout, the main market building should be prioritized to be arranged in a reasonable direction, catching cool wind, avoiding direct hot sun, convenient for customers to access from all sides, and at the same time bringing good effect to the area’s landscape.

6.5.2. The main market building can use a block, dispersed or combined solution, depending on the type of market, nature of business, specific local conditions on climate environment and land terrain, investment level and construction plan.

6.5.3. Components such as warehouses, toilets, public bathing and laundry service buildings, substations, water pumping stations, office of the Market Management Board, security guard room, waste collection (treatment) area, parking lot and other construction components can be separated outside the main market building. These functions can also be combined to achieve aesthetic effect and convenience for management. Some independent service functions and product lines can be arranged in the form of separate kiosks (such as selling souvenirs, post office, selling flowers, refreshments, household appliance repair and other individual services).

6.6. Outdoor trading space

6.6.1. The outdoor trading space mainly serves non-regular traders (free trade). Depending on the specific case, it is advisable to arrange some roofed areas without walls, in a simple form, which can be fixed or movable in order to create favorable conditions for vendors and customers, in case of abnormal weather.

6.6.2. For markets in city centers (towns), the outdoor trading space should be arranged along the secondary roads, inside the market area, in the inner courtyard, behind the main market building, near the parking lot but avoid contact with large streets, convenient for waste collection and easy to manage, avoiding congestion and disorder affecting the beauty of the street.

6.7. Internal traffic space and parking lots

6.7.1. The internal traffic roads are organized appropriately, meeting the convenient circulation for the market’s activities. It is advisable to separate the entry and exit flows to avoid traffic congestion. The distance between the two market gates should be 30 m or more.

6.7.2. There should be an internal road for fire trucks to go around the market building, accessing as much of the construction area as possible. In case there is no internal road around the market, the traffic road outside the market area must ensure the accessibility for fire fighting for the market.

6.7.3. Parking lots should be designed with roofs, arranged conveniently with the entrance and exit areas. There are regulations for separate parking for cars and bicycles, motorcycles. It is necessary to calculate the location and scale of yards for goods gathering vehicles in accordance with the functional chain and characteristics of the market.

6.7.4. The parking lot area is calculated according to the number of vehicles brought to the market, including those of customers and vendors. The number of customer vehicles is calculated from 60% to 70% of the number of customers present at the market at one time. The number of customers at one time is calculated according to the trading area (including the free trading area) with the standard of 2.4 m²/customer to 2.8 m²/customer.

NOTES:

1) The number of vehicles of vendors is calculated on average as 1 vehicle/vendor.

2) For village markets and commune markets, it is allowed to minimize the parking lot area. This area can be combined to serve outdoor cultural and festival activities.

6.7.5. The ratio of vehicle types in the parking lot is determined as follows:

• Bicycles: from 20% to 35%;
• Motorcycles: from 60% to 70%;
• Cars: over 5%.

6.7.6. The standard area for one vehicle space in the parking lot is specified in Table 4.

Table 4 – Standard area for one parking space

6.8. Courtyard and green space

6.8.1. The green land area should not be less than 10% of the construction land area.

6.8.2. For markets with a large block area, there should be an inner courtyard to ensure ventilation.

6.8.3. Do not plant fruit trees that attract flies and mosquitoes causing unsanitary conditions.

7. Building content and design solutions for the main market building

7.1. Types of spaces in the main market building

7.1.1. The main market building is the main component of the market area, where the main regular trading activities of the market take place.

7.1.2. The spaces of the main market building are divided as follows:

• Space for trading points (stalls) of vendors (see 7.2);
• Circulation space for customer shopping (see 7.3);
• Space for administrative-style offices – mainly the office of the Market Management Board (see 7.4);
• Space for service trading (see 7.5);
• Auxiliary functional space (see 7.6);
• Building technical functional space (see 7.7).

NOTE: Depending on the overall layout plan, spaces such as the office of the Market Management Board and service rooms can be arranged dispersed outside the main market building.

7.2. Space for trading points (stalls) of vendors

7.2.1. The space for trading points of vendors is the area space of one or more trading points.

7.2.2. The total area of trading points of vendors should not be greater than 50% of the trading area.

7.2.3. The arrangement of space and division of trading points of vendors in cluster or linear form depends on the nature of the business and the organization of the traffic system. Arrange the trading points to have maximum contact and be directional for customers, including wide and distant views.

Design solutions for dividing stalls in the market are referenced in Appendix C.

7.2.4. The width of the vendors’ trading points should not be divided and partitioned smaller than 3 m. In case the traders have the need to use a small area, they must share a stall. Non-combustible or fire-resistant materials must be used for the partition walls between trading points.

7.2.5. Depending on the product line, the counters and stalls can be designed according to the following 3 types:

a) The type of counter and stall where the vendor stands inside to transact with customers;

b) The type of counter and stall where the vendor stands at the same position as the customer to introduce and transact with customers. In this case, the counter is thin, the vendor stands in the customer’s shopping circulation area;

c) The type of counter and stall with a large area, like a shop (vendor cluster). Customers are allowed to enter the vendor’s owned area. In this case, the counter can be designed according to both of the above cases. Design solutions for dividing stalls in the market are referenced in Figure 3 and Appendix C.

a) Vendor stands inside the counter to transact with customers

b) Vendor stands at the same position as customers

c) Layout of counters and stalls for customers to freely choose

Figure 3 – Details of counter and stall design

7.2.6. With fresh food product lines, due to the nature of the goods that cannot be stored for many days (or only within the day) and at the same time to improve ventilation, easy to clean, display and sell goods, the form of open partitions should be mainly used. The boundaries between vendors are usually counters, tables, cabinets, shelves, and can be mezzanine partitions.

NOTE: For markets with favorable conditions, use glass mezzanine partitions to create a well-ventilated and luxurious effect.

7.2.7. In the area arranged for fresh food product lines, there should be a centralized poultry slaughtering area or fresh food preliminary processing area. There must be a waste collection system and wastewater treatment meeting standards before discharging into the common drainage system of the area.

7.3. Circulation space for customer shopping

7.3.1. The circulation space for customer shopping is the space for walking, standing, viewing, choosing goods, trying goods, and buying goods of customers. Depending on the specific layout, organize the traffic system for customers to conveniently move and access the stalls.

7.3.2. Traffic routes in the market are divided into two types, main traffic (main aisles) with a width of not less than 3.6 m, and secondary traffic (side aisles) with a width of not less than 2.4 m. The distance between two main aisles is not greater than 20 m in both longitudinal and transverse directions (see Figure 4 and Figure 5).

Figure 4 – Layout of traffic in the market

Unit: millimeter

Figure 5 – Width of traffic routes in the market

7.3.3. In case the traders need to use multiple trading points to form a vendor cluster, with stalls arranged for customers to enter inside, the width of the aisles inside the vendor cluster must satisfy the regulations in Table 5.

Table 5 – Width of aisles between counter rows

Dimensions in meters

7.3.4. The ratio of circulation area should not be less than 50% of the trading area (excluding the circulation area inside the vendor clusters as specified in 7.3.3).

7.3.5. The main aisles on the 1st floor need to be directly connected with the entrances and exits of the main market building. From the 2nd floor and up, the main aisles must be directly connected with the staircases and fire escape stairs of the building.

7.3.6. Regulations on fire escape routes and fire escape stairs must comply with the provisions in TCVN 2622 and TCVN 6161, and at the same time must ensure the requirements on the distance from the farthest position to the nearest exit door or escape stairs as specified in Table 6.

Table 6 – Maximum allowable distance to the nearest exit door (or stairs)

Dimensions in meters

7.3.7. Limit the change of elevation on one floor as much as possible. In case it is necessary to connect between different elevations or floors, ramps should be designed for transporting goods.

NOTE: In case the market is over 4 floors, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for transportation by elevators, escalators, travelators or cargo hoists.

7.3.8. The design of traffic in the market must pay attention to the moving conditions for people with disabilities to be able to access all counters and services on all floors. The design solution must comply with TCXDVN 264:2002.

7.3.9. Separate entrances, exits and internal stairs for staff and employees are designed and can be used as emergency exits for customers in the trading area when needed.

7.3.10. The traffic and fire escape system must have signage and be illuminated with a luminance on the signage surface of not less than 1 lux.

7.4. Office space of the Market Management Board

7.4.1. The office space of the Market Management Board includes administrative-style offices. Depending on the scale and nature of the market, this component can be arranged in the main market building or outside, can be combined with other components in the market area.

NOTE: For village and commune markets, depending on each specific condition, it can be arranged in combination with other components.

7.4.2. The standard area for the Market Management Board component for offices is determined according to the office building standards. The area scale of the Market Management Board is based on the number of people working. The floor area of the Market Management Board is determined as about 3% of the total market floor area (not including the case where the market has a design of rental office area).

NOTE: The standards and norms for using the working area of officials and employees are taken according to relevant regulations.

7.4.3. For large-scale markets, a meeting room can be arranged. The number of seats in the meeting room is determined in the range from 5% to 10% of the number of vendor households at the market, or the area of the meeting room is determined according to the area norm of not less than 0.1 m²/trading point.

7.5. Service trading space

7.5.1. The scale and nature of the service trading type are usually not determined but depend on the conditions of each market. The larger the market, the more diverse and abundant this function is.

7.5.2. Food and beverage shops are arranged in a separate area for small-scale markets. For large-scale markets, they can be arranged in many areas. When designing, it is necessary to avoid the effects of steam, smoke, and odors on other business lines.

7.5.3. The childcare room is arranged near the entrance and exit of the market building. Based on the type and scale of the market to determine the appropriate area. The childcare place needs to ensure cleanliness, airiness, and be equipped with toys for children.

7.5.4. The luggage storage room is arranged near the entrance and exit of the market building. Based on the type and scale of the market to determine the appropriate area.

7.5.5. Household appliance repair shops are arranged in a separate area. The scale and number of this service type are determined according to actual needs. It should be arranged at the outer trading points for easy access.

7.5.6. Entertainment area: the space for these functions is usually determined at the transitional positions of functions, in the lobby area, central area or necessary spacers. These types of services depend on the actual needs of each type of market to determine the appropriate area scale and location indoors or outdoors.

7.5.7. Depending on the needs and comfort level of each market construction project, some additional services can be added such as commercial information provision, credit – banking, post and telecommunications services and other types of services.

7.6. Auxiliary functional space

7.6.1. The toilet area is arranged in easily observable places, convenient for customers to use. Arrange separate male and female toilets and ensure that people with disabilities can access and use them, and at the same time avoid affecting adjacent vendors. Priority must be given to natural lighting and ventilation for toilet areas in the market.

NOTE: The standard for using toilet equipment is specified in Table 7. The number of people to calculate the scale of the toilet area includes the number of vendors and customers present at the market at one time. The number of vendors is taken on average as 1 person/vendor household, the number of customers is applied as calculated in 6.7.4 of this standard.

7.6.2. There are 2 basic types of warehouses: regular storage warehouses and cold storage to serve the vendors renting area at the market, according to the need for long-term or short-term storage of goods. When designing, it is necessary to survey the actual situation, depending on the specific characteristics of each market to determine the appropriate scale of demand. The warehouse is arranged in a separate building or in the basement, and attention must be paid to the conditions of goods transportation, ventilation and fire prevention.

7.6.3. The parking area (parking lot) is arranged outdoors or has a separate building. The parking area can be arranged in the basement of the main market building. When designing parking in the basement, there should be two ramp doors and placed far apart, not less than 25 m to ensure safety and avoid congestion. Determine the scale of the parking area, see 6.7.4 of this standard.

7.6.4. The duty and security room is arranged at the entrance and exit gate area, in a position that is easy to observe the activities in the market and ensure quick response to all situations that occur.

7.6.5. The religious space should be arranged outside the main market building, in an appropriate position in the market premises. If it must be arranged in the main market building, it should only be arranged on the 1st floor and have a separate door facing outward. The partition wall and ceiling must ensure fire resistance and not affect the space inside the market building.

7.6.6. The waste collection and treatment area is arranged outside the main market building. In case it must be combined in the main market building, it needs to be arranged appropriately, ensure hygiene, not affect the surrounding trading areas, convenient for daily waste transportation traffic. The area of the waste storage place must take into account the application of preliminary waste treatment technology before transporting it away.

7.7. Building technical functional space

7.7.1. The building technical functional space includes: equipment storage rooms and technical system operation and management rooms. The area of the equipment storage rooms is specifically determined depending on the calculated capacity and technology of each type of equipment.

7.7.2. The information technology, electronics, ventilation, air conditioning, fire fighting and prevention technical rooms need to have separate entrances and exits, arranged in convenient positions for easy daily system operation as well as when the market has incidents.

7.7.3. The location of the technical functional space, depending on each type of equipment, can be arranged in a separate building or in the main market building, on the principle of ensuring safety and minimizing impact on the trading area.

7.8. Standard areas of functional components in the main market building

The standard areas of functional components in the main market building are specified in Table 7.

Table 7. Standard areas of functional components in the main market building

7.9. Requirements for structural and architectural design solutions for the main market building

7.9.1. Structural design solutions for the main market building must be calculated with the most unfavorable loads and load combinations in accordance with current regulations.

7.9.2. The uniformly distributed load on the floor of the main market building is calculated with a full standard load of 500 Pa.

7.9.3. Based on the number of floors of the main market building to determine the corresponding load-bearing structural system (frame system, load-bearing frame: walls, columns, beams, floors, roof frame structure). The structural system of the main market building is divided into two types:

• 1-storey main market building;
• Main market building greater than (or equal to) 2 stories.

Structure and materials are applied according to Table 8.

Table 8 – Classification of load-bearing structural systems of the main market building

7.9.4. Reinforced concrete frame structures need to take into account the effects of earthquakes and hurricanes as specified in TCVN 9386 – 1:2012. For masonry walls with large openings, there must be a reinforced concrete perimeter frame. The main staircases should be cast with reinforced concrete including the stair steps.

7.9.5. The column grid system needs to pay attention to the ability to adapt in the future when there is a need to upgrade the market and change functions. In case the market has a basement used as a parking garage, the column grid should not be chosen smaller than an 8 m x 8 m grid.

7.9.6. When determining the height of the market, it is necessary to pay attention to factors such as volume index, ventilation, noise and natural lighting system of the market.

a) 1-storey main market building:

• Span greater than or equal to 12 m: height greater than or equal to 6 m;
• Span less than 12 m: height greater than or equal to 4.5 m.

b) Main market building from 2 floors and up:

• For trading area floors (except for the top floor with a sloping roof): height from floor to floor greater than or equal to 4.5 m;
• For the top floor with a sloping roof: height determined according to the provisions in item a) of this clause.

NOTE: To calculate the allowable height, take the specified sidewalk elevation as the elevation ± 0.000 at the market construction location.

When designing the architecture of a market with a large span or multiple spans with large plan edges over 60 m, it is necessary to pay attention to the ability of natural ventilation and lighting for the market. In this case, it is necessary to fully exploit side window lighting or create light wells or roof windows in the middle area.

NOTE: The area of the ventilation openings should not be less than 20% of the total area of the lighting openings.

7.10. Requirements for interior design in markets

7.10.1. There should be uniform studies on the form of interior architecture, standardized shapes and sizes, etc. for each product line. Absolutely forbid the interior design of stalls by spontaneous investment of vendors.

7.10.2. When designing the interior of stalls in the market, it is necessary to study the following factors:

• Characteristics of the goods (dry or wet, heavy or light, bulky or compact, coarse or fine, easy to preserve or difficult to preserve);
• Display and marketing style (low display or high hanging, open display or in cabinets, on shelves or tabletops or other typical forms);
• The level of manipulation of the vendor when introducing and transferring goods to customers (demonstrating product features, weighing, measuring, counting, packaging, etc.);
• The cycle of the process of arranging and tidying goods during the day.

7.10.3. Interior design solutions must simultaneously ensure both aesthetic and ventilation factors for the entire market. The form of fixed partitions and the style of counters must easily create the ability of vendors to self-protect their shops when the market is not operating.

NOTE: Not required for fresh food product lines.

7.10.4. The creation of interior space in the market should be flexible, easy to change when necessary. In case fixed construction is required, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of developing into a high-class market (supermarket) in the future.

7.11. Requirements for architectural structure and finishing works

7.11.1. The market is a building that usually has a large roof area, so the work of heat insulation, waterproofing and leak prevention for the roof needs to be taken care of as follows:

• For sloping roofs, when roofing with lightweight materials, there must be a reasonable slope, ensuring heat insulation, heat resistance, noise insulation, waterproofing, corrosion resistance, rain and wind resistance, and sealing gaps to avoid wind blowing water back, ensuring safety to avoid causing injury to users due to roof detachment when incidents such as heavy rain and storms occur. Technical requirements, design requirements and installation instructions are specified in TCVN 8052-1:2009 and TCVN 8053:2009.
• For flat roofs, it must be ensured to meet the standards: drainage slope, area and size of thermal expansion joints, slope-creating materials, heat insulation and waterproofing.

7.11.2. Floor materials in toilet areas and fresh food trading areas must be waterproof, non-absorbent, non-slip, easy to scrub and highly durable.

7.11.3. The floor of the fresh food trading area must have a local water-collecting slope within the stalls, avoiding water flowing across the walking area of customers.

7.11.4. Markets with a high density of people walking, the floor should be paved with materials with high hardness, less wear, non-dust generating, non-subsidence and non-peeling. It is absolutely forbidden to pave the base and floor at the same time both to raise the foundation and finish paving.

7.11.5. There must be solutions to shield from the sun, driving rain and cold wind in winter. When the 1st floor of the market has counters facing outward, there must be wide eaves or canopies, enough to cover the entire area of customers walking and standing to buy goods. The structural details of the shielding must take into account durability, safety, must be able to withstand abnormal winds and must be easy to control, maintain and repair. Avoid the spontaneous shielding of vendors that affects the aesthetics of the market.

NOTE: The allowable protrusion of eaves and canopies beyond the red-line boundary or construction boundary must comply with construction planning regulations [2].

7.11.6. The architectural form of the market should be designed with few details to avoid dust accumulation and facilitate cleaning. Attention must be paid to the ability to resist impact, chipping, peeling, etc. High structural details must take into account durability, safety, must be able to withstand abnormal winds and must be easy to control, maintain and repair. High lighting openings, roof windows, skylights, etc. must be made of safety glass or must take into account the ability to shield when falling or breaking.

7.11.7. Materials for constructing doors, stall partitions, and ceiling materials in the main market building must use fire-resistant materials that are compatible with the fire resistance limit and fire hazard level.

7.11.8. Fire partition walls, used to divide the main market building into fire compartments, must be arranged over the entire height of the building and must ensure no fire spread.

8. Requirements for technical system design

8.1. Water supply and drainage system

8.1.1. The design of the water supply and drainage system outside and inside the market building must comply with the provisions of TCVN 4513 and TCVN 4474.

8.1.2. In case the water supply source is not sufficient to ensure all the water usage needs in the market, it is allowed to use well water through a filtration system, after the quality has been checked and permitted by the sanitation and health authorities.

8.1.3. For large-scale markets with a large amount of wastewater, it is possible to build a 2-shell settling tank with a lid for local cleaning before discharging into the city’s common drainage system.

8.1.4. The drainage ditch system in the market must have adequate manholes, trash screens, odor-blocking lids and be easily unclogged.

8.2. Lighting and power electrical system

8.2.1. The design of the lighting electrical system in the market must ensure the supply for the following lighting needs:

• General lighting for the buying and working space;
• General lighting inside the vendors’ trading points;
• Decorative lighting for goods marketing;
• Lighting for crowd dispersion;
• Outdoor architectural decorative lighting;
• Night security lighting;
• Emergency and escape lighting.

8.2.2. Natural lighting through the market’s window system should avoid direct light beams into the area of the vendors’ trading points. Natural lighting solutions must comply with the provisions in TCXD 29:1991.

8.2.3. There should be a separate lighting system and “Exit” indicating lights in the trading areas for evacuation. The minimum illuminance on the escape route must not be less than 1 lux. This system is connected to the emergency lighting electrical system, connected to a separate power source supplied from the main electrical cabinet of the market.

8.2.4. When designing the lighting electrical grid for shops, warehouses and market management components, the load must be taken according to the lighting technical calculation with a demand factor of 1.

8.2.5. Do not arrange sockets and electrical switches in public places without a manager. Emergency control devices placed in public places must have specific signs and instructions.

8.2.6. For the power electrical system, when designing power supply for the market, it must ensure the requirements for each type of shop and comply with QTD 14 TCN 18:1984.

8.2.7. The calculated voltage to supply electrical equipment in the market (except for electric motors) must not exceed 220 V, with a grid voltage of 380/220 V. Power supply for electric motors such as pump motors, elevators, escalators, conveyor belts or cargo hoists in the market must be taken from the 380/220 V neutral grid, directly grounded.

8.2.8. When calculating the power supply used in the market, it must reserve a capacity of not less than 10% of the total capacity of the work to supply power for lighting and electrical equipment for advertising, counter lighting, facade decoration, control system, indicator boards and light and sound signals, etc. Vendors, when having the need to use additional electrical load, must register and get the approval of the Market Management Board.

8.2.9. The voltage loss at the terminals of the lamps and the farthest power equipment compared to the rated voltage must not exceed the values specified in Table 9.

8.2.10. The substation in the market can be placed indoors or adjacent to the building wall but must be well soundproofed and must meet the technical requirements according to the permitted noise level standard. The station must have a fire partition wall separating it from the adjacent room and an emergency exit to the outside.

Table 9 – Allowable voltage loss for electrical equipment

8.2.11. It is not allowed to place a separate cable junction box to divide the electrical grid inside and outside the market. This division must be done at the input distribution device or the main distribution device.

8.2.12. Control devices must be placed at the input of the power supply line for trading shops, services, management rooms and the warehouse system. The regulations on the installation of input distribution devices, boards, boxes, electrical cabinets; protection – control devices must comply with TCVN 7447.

8.2.13. There must be lightning protection devices for all medium metering lines into the wire rack, and at the same time the wire rack must be connected to the safety grounding system. Lightning protection requirements are specified in TCVN 9385:2012.

8.3. Information system, surveillance cameras and advertising signage

8.3.1. A public announcement loudspeaker system should be installed to quickly inform the trading components, public areas, entertainment areas and other service trading activities in the market when necessary. In case of an emergency fire or explosion, promptly notify the evacuation request for customers, vendors and staff in the market.

8.3.2. The communication system in the market needs to have adequate equipment and distribution networks such as digital telephone switchboards, desk phones, extension phones, fax machines, internet systems, public telephone services, etc. and should be designed according to an open system, ensuring future development needs.

8.3.3. A surveillance camera system should be designed for the Market Management Board. The level of equipment for this system depends on the nature, scale, grade and rank of each market.

8.3.4. The interior design of the market needs to take into account the marketing and advertising requirements of the vendors’ goods. Avoid arbitrary advertising signs of vendor households.

8.4. Ventilation and air conditioning system

8.4.1. The design of the market should maximize the ability of natural ventilation. For large-scale markets with complex business lines, it is necessary to design the ventilation system according to the provisions in TCVN 5687:2010.

8.4.2. For markets with basements, a mechanical ventilation system must be designed. The basement ventilation requirement needs to ensure an air exchange rate of 10 times/h.

8.4.3. For the area of fresh food product lines, food and beverage services and other services with a lot of odors, steam and smoke, there must be measures to force air intake and exhaust by a mechanical ventilation system.

8.4.4. The central air conditioning system is designed for functional areas such as offices, meeting rooms, closed-room business activities, or supermarket-style business components combined in the market building.

NOTE: Depending on the requirements, some product lines due to the form of business can be designed with an air conditioning system. These vendor types need to be arranged concentrated in one area or on one floor.

8.5. Fire fighting and prevention system

8.5.1. When designing the fire fighting and prevention system, it must comply with the regulations on fire safety for buildings and constructions [4], TCVN 2622 and TCVN 6161.

8.5.2. The market is designed for fire fighting and prevention according to group F.3.1 based on the fire hazard according to the function as prescribed in the regulations on fire safety for buildings and constructions [4].

8.5.3. The total width of exit doors or stair flights for evacuation is calculated according to the number of people on the most crowded floor (excluding the ground floor) and is specified as follows:

• 2nd floor: 1 m / 25 people;
• 3rd floor and up: 1 m / 100 people;
• The number of people in the indoor trading area at one time is calculated according to the norm of 2.4 m²/person to 2.8 m²/person;
• The number of escape routes must not be less than 2 and must be arranged dispersedly.

8.5.4. The escape stairs from the trading area to the outside must not be connected to the basement. It is allowed to use an outdoor fire escape stair instead of the second escape route. The outdoor fire escape stair used for evacuation must have a width of at least 0.7 m; the slope must not be greater than 450 from the horizontal plane and must have handrails 0.9 m high.

8.5.5. The width of aisles, corridors, doorways, and stair flights on escape routes in buildings is specified in Table 10.

Table 10 – Width of aisles, corridors, doors, stair flights on escape routes in buildings

Dimensions in meters

8.5.6. The fire fighting water supply system must be designed to ensure independent autonomy. The fire fighting water reserve tank can be combined with the domestic water tank, but the piping equipment must be divided according to the usage threshold of each type. There must be a separate pumping system to ensure water pressure for fire hydrants.

8.5.7. To ensure safe evacuation, the market must be equipped with a fire detection and alarm system. Grade 1 markets must be equipped with an automatic water fire extinguishing system (Sprinkler) or an automatic water spray fire extinguishing system (Drencher). When calculating the installation, it must comply with the provisions in TCVN 5760. Markets in rural areas must be equipped with rudimentary fire fighting equipment such as foam tanks, sand tanks, bamboo poles, water tanks, hooks, etc.

8.5.8. The power source for the emergency lighting system, the fire fighting pumping system, the exit signs and danger signs, etc. must be separate from other power supply systems.

8.5.9. A central control system must be designed for the group control panels, clusters and down to the counters and shops in the trading area. Breakers and switches of the electrical system for warehouses and other rooms must be placed outside these rooms (mounted on non-combustible walls or in boxes hung on columns).

8.5.10. The main electrical cabinet of the domestic electrical network and the electrical panel must be placed outside the trading area. In case it cannot be placed outside the trading area, it is allowed to be right next to the outside of the trading area in an easily accessible position. The electrical panel must be installed in a box made of fire-resistant materials and have the symbol on the box door.

8.5.11. A separate ventilation and smoke extraction system for fire fighting must be designed and must not be connected to ventilation systems used for living. The smoke extraction ventilation system must be made of fire-resistant or non-combustible materials depending on the installation location.

8.5.12. The trading area of flammable goods needs to be equipped with a fire-resistant false ceiling system, which has the effect of preventing fire spread and the impact of toxic smoke on the evacuation process. This system should be combined with extraction ducts to bring toxic smoke out of the building. The smoke outlet must be placed at the end of the wind direction so as not to affect the evacuation of people in case of fire.

8.5.13. Around the market area, there must be roads for fire trucks and specialized fire fighting vehicles according to the following requirements:

• The width of the road surface must not be less than 4.0 m for each lane. The height of the clearance from the road surface upward must not be less than 4.25 m.
• The road surface must be able to withstand the load of fire trucks, 15 tons for areas where only pumping vehicles need to operate and 18 tons for areas where ladder vehicles need to operate.
• Dead-end roads used for one lane must not be longer than 100 m, at the end of the road there must be a turning area:

+ Equilateral triangle with sides not less than 17 m, one vertex at the dead end, two vertices symmetrically on both sides of the road;

+ Square with sides not less than 15 m;

+ Circle with diameter not less than 15 m;

+ Rectangle perpendicular to the dead end, symmetrical on both sides of the road, with dimensions not less than 5 m x 20 m.

8.6. Waste collection system

8.6.1. The waste collection system must ensure the following requirements:

• The waste concentration area must be isolated from the market’s activity spaces, arranged at hidden corners, next to traffic roads so that waste collection vehicles can easily enter and exit daily. The waste collection method is suitable with the local waste collection method.
• The direction of waste transportation does not overlap with traffic flows in the market.
• There should be measures to classify waste.
• When designing fresh food trading areas and food and beverage areas, attention should be paid to waste treatment and periodic sanitation methods during the day.

8.6.2. The average daily waste volume of the market is calculated according to the waste volume of the number of vendor households, taking an average of 2 kg/day to 3 kg/day per vendor household.

9. Requirements for maintenance and repair of markets

9.1. The market must have a mandatory and periodic regime of maintenance and repair of market buildings to ensure safety requirements for people and goods, prevent damage and degradation. Especially for architectural details and technical systems.

9.2. To prevent leaks, the roof must be regularly maintained and repaired. If the roof frame structure is made of steel, it must be regularly maintained and painted with anti-rust paint periodically.

9.3. For architectural details such as suspended ceilings, high-mounted cladding materials, windows in unfavorable positions, door hinges, handrails, floor paving materials, sanitary equipment, etc., they must be regularly checked and repaired immediately when damaged.

9.4. For the electrical system, it is necessary to regularly check the level of electrical load increase, limit and prevent in time, avoid fires caused by electrical short circuits.

9.5. The water pump system, especially the fire fighting water pump, must be regularly checked. Fire fighting and prevention equipment must always ensure the quality of use when necessary. Ensure the constant availability of fire fighting water sources, absolutely prohibit the use of fire fighting water for living purposes. The automatic fire alarm and extinguishing system in equipped markets must be regularly checked and measured for technical indicators, to always ensure it is in a state of readiness to operate. Signs, orders, instructions for using equipment and evacuation instructions must always be complete and clear.

9.6. The market’s sewer systems and drainage pipes must be regularly cleaned and unclogged.

9.7. Information systems such as telephones, public announcement loudspeakers, surveillance cameras, information display systems, ventilation and air conditioning systems, etc. must have specialized staff in charge of management and operation. Regularly notify vendor households, educate people’s awareness about maintenance and repair work./.

APPENDIX A (Reference)

1,000 vendor households

Figure A.1- Diagram representing the rationality of the land use standard

APPENDIX B (Reference) FUNCTION DIAGRAM AND OVERALL LAYOUT OF THE MARKET

B.1. Market function diagram

Figure B.1. Market functional chain diagram

B.2. Plan for the layout of the main market building block

• Suitable for grade 1 and grade 2 markets
• Warehouse arranged outside the main market building
• Outdoor trading area arranged in the inner courtyard
• Architectural block accessible to the main street
• Construction density: 35%

B.3. Plan for the layout of the main market building block

• Suitable for grade 2 and grade 3 markets
• Should have an inner courtyard
• Should have a basement for parking
• Construction density: 42%

Figure B.3- Plan for the layout of the main market building block

B.4. Plan for the layout of the dispersed main market building

• Suitable for grade 3 markets
• Construction density: 37%

Figure B.4- Plan for the layout of the dispersed main market building

APPENDIX C (Reference) SOLUTIONS FOR DIVIDING STALLS IN THE MARKET

C.1. Stalls located in the main market building – (drawings are only for illustrative purposes)

(This form is not required to be applied to fresh food product lines).

C.2. Shops facing outward to the street

Figure C.2. Illustration of shops facing outward to the street

REFERENCE DOCUMENT DIRECTORY

[1]. QCVN 03:2009/BXD, National technical regulation on classification and grading of civil and urban infrastructure construction works.

[2]. QCXDVN 01:2008/BXD, Vietnam building code – Construction planning

[3]. QCVN 14:2009/BXD, Vietnam building code – Rural construction planning

[4]. QCVN 06:2010/BXD, National technical regulation on fire safety for buildings and constructions.

• Decree No. 02/2003/ND-CP dated January 14, 2003 of the Government on the development and management of markets;
• Decree 114/2009/ND-CP dated December 23, 2009 of the Government on Amending and supplementing a number of articles of Decree No. 02/2003/ND-CP dated January 14, 2003 of the Government on development and management markets
• Decision No. 147/1999/QD-TTg dated July 5, 1999 of the Prime Minister Regulations on standards and norms for using office space in state agencies and non-business units

1) TCVNs to be issued soon

2) TCXDs, TCXDVNs, QTDs are being converted to TCVNs