Foreword

TCVN 4454:2012 replaces TCVN 4454:1987.

TCVN 9410:2012 was compiled by the Institute of Architecture, Urban & Rural Planning, proposed by the Ministry of Construction, appraised by the Directorate for Standards, Metrology and Quality, and announced by the Ministry of Science and Technology.

1. Scope of application

1.1. This standard is applied in the process of formulating rural construction planning projects within the administrative boundaries of communes (also known as new rural commune construction planning – abbreviated as rural construction planning).

NOTE: New rural commune construction planning is formulated to meet the criteria in the National Set of New Rural Criteria according to Decision No. 491/QD-TTg dated April 16, 2009.

1.2. The subjects of new rural commune construction planning include: commune construction planning, detailed planning of commune centers; detailed planning of new residential areas, resettlement areas, renovation and construction of existing villages, hamlets (also known as rural residential area planning).

2. Reference documents

The following reference documents are essential when applying this standard. For dated references, only the cited edition applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

TCVN 3907:2011, Kindergartens. Design standards;

TCVN 4054:2005, Motorways – Design standards;

TCVN 5945:2010, Industrial wastewater. Discharge standards;

TCVN 7956:2008, Urban cemeteries. Design standards;

TCVN 7957:2008, Drainage and sewerage – External networks and facilities – Design standard;

TCVN 8793:2011, Primary schools – Design requirements;

TCVN 8794:2011, Secondary schools – Design requirements;

22TCN 210:19921), Rural roads. Design standards.

3. Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply:

3.1. New rural commune construction planning

The organization of space and technical infrastructure, social infrastructure to serve socio-economic development in the commune.

New rural commune construction planning includes orientation planning for spatial development; land use planning and essential infrastructure for production development, socio-economic-environmental infrastructure development planning and rural residential area planning or commune center planning (also known as detailed planning).

3.2. Technical infrastructure

Including traffic works, power supply, communication, water supply, drainage, cemeteries, waste, environmental sanitation and other technical infrastructure works.

3.3. Social infrastructure

Including housing works, administrative agencies, medical, cultural, educational, physical training and sports, commercial works and other public service works.

3.4. Rural residential area

Is the concentrated residence of many households linked together in production, living and other social activities within a certain area including commune centers, villages, hamlets, buon, phum, soc (hereinafter collectively referred to as villages, hamlets) formed by natural conditions, socio-economic conditions, culture, customs, habits and other factors.

3.5. Residential land (residential campus)

Is the land for construction of housing and works serving the living activities of households (kitchen, toilet, bathroom) and other auxiliary spaces (production area, yard, barn, pond…) on the same land plot of a household or individual as prescribed by law in rural residential areas.

4. General regulations

4.1. When formulating rural construction planning, in addition to ensuring the provisions in this standard, it is also necessary to comply with relevant regulations [1].

4.2. Rural construction planning must meet the following requirements:

– Comply with current legal documents on construction planning;

– Comply with relevant legal provisions on protection of technical works, defense works, historical and cultural relics, scenic spots and environmental protection;

– Suit local characteristics in terms of:

+ Natural conditions: topography, geology, hydrogeology, land, water resources, environment, climate, resources, landscape;

+ Economic conditions: current status and development potential;

+ Social conditions: population, customs, habits, beliefs…

+ Ability to use land, production and living habits of the people and other characteristics.

– Ensure the construction of new and renovation of existing rural residential areas to meet the requirements of the National Set of New Rural Criteria, ensure sustainable development, and meet the requirements of serving life and production;

– Conditions of safety, disaster prevention and environmental protection;

– Protect landscape and historical and cultural relics; preserve and develop national cultural identity;

– Requirements on national defense and security;

– Rational use of investment capital, land and resources.

4.3. The contents of the rural construction planning project and the agricultural production development planning project must comply with relevant regulations [2] and [3] and be consistent with the approved higher-level planning project.

4.4. Rural construction planning must aim at developing new countryside according to the requirements of the national set of criteria, ensuring inheritance and sustainable development.

5. New rural commune construction planning

5.1. Orientation planning for commune spatial development

5.1.1. General requirements

5.1.1.1. Orientation planning for the overall spatial development of the whole commune must be consistent with the natural and socio-economic conditions and current status of the commune. On this basis, to implement production planning, construction planning and land use planning.

5.1.1.2. The orientation of organizing the system of new residential areas and renovating old villages must be based on the population size, land norms for each group of households, land occupancy scale and land demand of the whole village.

5.1.1.3. The orientation of organizing the system of public works and preserving historical and cultural works needs to determine the location, scale, and architectural orientation in accordance with customs and practices. When arranging these items, it is necessary to avoid changing the topography, geomorphology and existing natural drainage system.

5.1.1.4. The orientation of organizing the system of technical infrastructure works of the whole commune must ensure the requirements of connecting villages with production areas, with the commune center and inter-commune areas (including infrastructure for production and for life).

5.1.1.5. For communes in areas with natural disasters, works such as houses, educational and medical facilities, and crowded places must not be arranged in areas with high risk of flooding, flash floods, landslides and earthquakes, and at the same time, there should be appropriate warning and prevention solutions.

5.1.2. Population distribution and living space

5.1.2.1. The population scale must be calculated in accordance with the forecast of inter-commune area planning, district area planning and the commune’s socio-economic development orientation (according to relevant plannings)

5.1.2.2. The total forecasted population in the planning area must be the number of permanent residents (according to household registration books; according to temporary residence KT 2, 3, 4) in that administrative area and the number of mechanical population growth forecasted in the planning period, calculated according to the following formula:

Q= Q₀ (1 + K)ⁿ + P

In which:

Q – Total forecasted population (people)

Q₀ – Total current population (people)

K – Natural population growth rate in the planning period (%)

P – Number of mechanical population growth in the planning period (people)

n – Planning period (years)

5.1.2.3. It is necessary to forecast the labor structure to meet the requirements of agricultural production, commercial services, construction, industry or handicraft industry in the commune.

5.1.2.4. The arrangement of the population must be consistent with the type of production (agriculture, forestry), conditions of public services for the people. The arrangement of residential areas can be dispersed in clusters, concentrated points or lines depending on the topography, customs and habits, ensuring connection in terms of traffic, infrastructure, environmental sanitation and security and defense requirements.

5.1.2.5. Areas for developing commercial services, industry, and handicraft industry can develop concentrated residential areas with urbanization orientation. Residential areas along national highways and border areas should be arranged concentratedly on one side of the road in a line-point form. Houses are often associated with traffic axes and infrastructure that is convenient for exchange and trade of goods.

5.1.2.6. For communes affected by flooding, residential areas should be organized in concentrated areas on high ground or developed and completed in a line-point form along canals and traffic routes.

5.1.2.7. Depending on the characteristics of each region, the orientation for planning residential areas (area, density, height, architectural form) should be selected to suit the potential and orientation of economic and social development in rural areas in the short term as well as long term. The organization of living space must be suitable to natural conditions, topography, ecological environment, preserve and conserve traditional cultural identity, prevent and mitigate the impact of natural disasters for affected areas.

5.1.3. Planning of commune centers

5.1.3.1. The commune center should be arranged in association with the main residential areas of the commune and ensure the requirements of convenient travel between the commune and villages and traffic routes. For communes with a large area, a sub-center should be formed in association with an existing concentrated residential area to ensure service requirements.

NOTE: Commune-level administrative agencies and cultural and information works should be placed in the commune center. If land conditions permit, a system of public works such as schools, medical stations, and sports grounds can be arranged in the commune center area.

5.1.3.2. The commune center must have enough area for synchronized construction of works in the short term and development in the future. It is necessary to take advantage of and inherit existing works. For new construction planning, it is necessary to minimize the use of cultivated land and avoid relocating the population, ensuring elevation to avoid flooding and flash floods.

5.1.3.3. For communes with a system of relics and landscapes of value, there must be solutions for conservation and embellishment, but still ensure the historical and cultural value and significance of the works.

5.1.3.4. The service radius of public works for rural residential areas is maximum 2 km. For residential areas with over 1,000 people, more than 2 km away from the commune center; residential area clusters in mountainous areas with over 500 people, service radius over 3 km, it is necessary to arrange a sub-center including kindergarten groups or classes, primary schools in different locations (called school points), shops, village cultural houses…

5.1.3.5. When arranging works in the commune center, it is necessary to rationally exploit topographical conditions and natural landscape to create a beautiful architectural space.

5.1.3.6. For communes with the premise of developing into urban areas, it is necessary to plan the arrangement of the commune center in association with the commune’s concentrated residential area and meet urban criteria.

5.1.3.7. For border communes, when arranging the commune center system, it is necessary to be suitable with national defense and security requirements. Distribute evenly according to the distance between the district, provincial and national road grids; expand, upgrade and complete the system of towns, inter-commune cluster centers and commune centers to create nuclei or links to support the development of rural residential areas.

5.2. Production planning

5.2.1. Production planning must be in line with the potential and scale of each type of production according to the development orientation of traditional occupations and sectors of the locality, such as:

– Arranging a reasonable structure of agricultural production land area (cultivation, animal husbandry, aquaculture …) in the direction of industrialization, reducing labor costs, increasing productivity and product quality;

– Forecasting production capacity and output by each stage;

– Conditions for serving production: consumption market, capital mobilization capacity, applied technology, technical infrastructure (transportation, electricity supply, water supply, drainage …).

5.2.2. Determining the boundaries and scale of land for agricultural production; constructing production service works. Planning the network of technical infrastructure works and technical facilities to serve production.

5.2.3. Planning agricultural production in the direction of concentrated commodity production and aquaculture, orienting production conversion, towards crops and livestock with high economic value per unit area, improving productivity and quality of agricultural products, meeting the requirements of commodity production in rural areas.

5.2.4. Planning the development of farm and industrial-scale livestock breeding, suitable in scale, far from residential areas to control diseases, reduce product costs, and improve the ecological environment.

5.2.5. Production and production service works should be arranged near fields, near traffic hubs, canal systems, and irrigation and drainage pumping stations for convenient water supply and construction of technical systems, effective use of equipment and machinery, and arranged into clusters of works as follows:

– Cluster of works serving production and animal husbandry: drying yards, agricultural product warehouses, milling stations, livestock feed processing stations; agricultural tool mechanical repair workshops, small-scale industrial production facilities;

– Cluster of livestock and poultry breeding works, aquaculture ponds, pumping stations, fertilizer treatment and processing stations.

– Product introduction stations, processing and preservation areas for agricultural and aquatic products…

NOTES:

1. The development model of production and production service clusters is organized in the form of cooperatives, cooperative groups, or linkages between households, farms, and enterprises to carry out product processing and consumption.
2. Refer to Appendix A of this standard for land area norms of some production service works and livestock farms.

5.2.6. When planning industrial production, small-scale industry and services, the following requirements need to be met:

– Suitable with the potential for industrial – service development in terms of resources, land, and labor;

– Consistent with the planning of spatial organization in rural residential areas;

– Selecting industrial – service sectors suitable with the goal of building new rural areas in the commune;

– Well-organizing technical infrastructure systems (transportation, electricity, water …) and social infrastructure (schools, healthcare, cultural works, markets …) taking into account the requirement of connection with the commune center.

5.2.7. Concentrated production zones, enterprises, industrial clusters – points with hazardous waste and high risk of pollution must be arranged at the end of the prevailing wind direction, at the end of the water source for concentrated residential areas, near main roads, inter-village roads, inter-commune roads or next to main canals. Ensuring appropriate sanitary distance in accordance with the characteristics, scale and level of toxicity of small-scale industrial production works as per relevant regulations.

NOTE: Concentrated production zones can be small-scale industrial production zones or concentrated livestock breeding zones.

5.2.8. Non-toxic small-scale industrial production facilities can be arranged in residential areas, at households but must have solutions for wastewater collection and must not cause noise exceeding the allowable level in residential areas from 50 dBA to 75 dBA.

5.2.9. Promoting the development of industry and small-scale industry with clean production types. For traditional craft villages, developing in the form of concentrated small-scale industrial zones, combined with production at households (non-polluting production).

5.2.10. Communes with favorable conditions in terms of location and external traffic need to strongly develop commercial services; eco-tourism, exploiting natural landscapes in combination with traditional culture.

5.2.11. It is necessary to arrange a sanitary isolation strip between industrial works, concentrated livestock production zones and residential areas. In the sanitary isolation strip, at least 50% of the land area must be planted with greenery and no more than 40% of the land area can be used to arrange parking lots, pumping stations, wastewater treatment stations, and solid waste transfer stations.

5.2.12. The selection of locations and arrangement of warehousing land need to be based on the nature of the stored goods and the main service subjects, with convenient traffic locations, in high and dry places. Warehouses of the same nature should be arranged in a concentrated manner, ensuring environmental and safety requirements.

5.3. Planning the orientation of organizing the system of technical infrastructure works

5.3.1. Technical preparation (ground leveling – rainwater drainage)

5.3.1.1. Proposing technical preparation solutions on the basis of thoroughly taking advantage of natural topography, limiting the volume of ground leveling, excavation and filling; protecting perennial trees and topsoil.

When constructing works, only localized ground leveling should be done to protect the natural topography.

5.3.1.2. It is necessary to determine the control elevation for each residential area; identify catchment areas, direction and main drainage network. Having solutions to protect and renovate the existing system of lakes, ponds and rivers to create an ecological environment and serve as a place to regulate surface water drainage when necessary.

5.3.1.3. Based on the average annual flood water level to select the elevation for new construction areas. Having plans to renovate key works to prevent inundation.

5.3.1.4. Depending on the specific conditions of residential areas, when planning rainwater drainage, it is necessary to select a suitable drainage system. It can be gravity rainwater drainage, combined rainwater and wastewater drainage or semi-separate rainwater and wastewater drainage.

5.3.1.5. For areas with risk of flooding, the rainwater drainage system must be combined with the irrigation and drainage system and ponds. For areas with risk of soil erosion, there should be water drainage ditches and planting of trees along the hillsides.

5.3.2. Traffic planning

5.3.2.1. The rural road network includes: roads from district to commune, commune trunk roads (connecting from commune center to village or connecting between communes); village roads (connecting between villages to hamlets), alley roads, hamlet roads and main infield trunk roads. Commune roads include commune trunk roads, village roads and hamlet alley roads.

5.3.2.2. Commune roads must be consistent with the planning of district and provincial road networks. Inheriting and developing the existing road network to meet the needs of transportation and production service in the immediate and future, forming a continuous connection with the national road system, provincial roads and district roads.

5.3.2.3. Traffic planning at the commune level must be combined with the planning of irrigation and drainage networks and fields.

5.3.2.4. When planning the traffic network, it is necessary to make the most of topographical conditions to minimize site clearance compensation, excavation and filling volumes, and works that must be constructed on the route.

5.3.2.5. Cross-sections of road types (road surface, road base …) must be suitable to the specific conditions of each commune and designed according to the standards of grade IV roads. Commune trunk roads are designed according to the standards of type A roads; roads connecting villages and communes are designed according to the standards of type B roads.

5.3.2.6. For communes with potential for waterway transport (rivers, canals, coastal areas), it must be closely combined with irrigation planning and residential area planning. Organizing the planning of boat wharves, ports, boat anchoring areas… ensuring the ability to serve transportation in the immediate future as well as in the long term. The width of the cross-section must be determined on the basis of the size of the means of transport, traffic volume, route length, meteorological and hydrological conditions. For ordinary ship channels, the standard width is taken according to the maximum length of the means of transport commonly used on the canals.

5.3.3. Water supply planning

5.3.3.1. Based on the specific conditions of each locality, in a commune, many water sources and different forms of water supply can be used (centralized water supply, decentralized water supply, dug wells …), but it must be ensured to meet the water use needs and water quality for daily life of the people in the commune.

5.3.3.2. The calculation of the water supply system must ensure water supply for the short-term planning stages of 10 years and the long-term of 20 years, satisfying the requirements of drinking, living, poultry and livestock breeding; agricultural product processing and other industrial production sectors.

5.3.3.3. For communes with developed economic conditions, with concentrated residential areas of 100 households or more, or with polluted and poor quality water sources affecting people’s health, centralized water supply should be used. The determination of the scale of centralized water supply stations needs to be based on forecasted water use demand; water sources and water treatment technology; main water supply pipeline network and future development needs.

5.3.3.4. Selecting wastewater sources according to the regulations of water resources planning and management agencies. Indicators of domestic water quality must comply with regulations on domestic water quality [4]. Standards for drinking water hygiene must comply with relevant regulations [5].

5.3.3.5. It is necessary to determine the sanitary protection zone of water supply sources, avoiding the risks of contamination due to the influence of industrial development, small-scale industry, domestic and agricultural pollution sources in areas with water sources.

NOTE: The determination of sanitary protection zones for water sources needs to assess the sanitation situation at the water intake location (for groundwater sources) and the upstream and downstream areas of surface water sources: on the upstream side not less than 200 m, on the downstream side not less than 100 m.

5.3.3.6. To avoid erosion when placing water intake works on riverbanks, it must be ensured to be at least 100 m away from the riverbank.

5.3.3.7. When the treatment plant is located near rivers and lakes, the construction elevation of the plant must be higher than the peak wave of the highest water level corresponding to the calculated frequency in rivers and lakes by 0.5 m.

5.3.4. Electricity supply planning

5.3.4.1. When formulating planning, preparing projects and designing the power grid in the commune, it is necessary to investigate and determine the current demand in the area and the development orientation for the period from 5 to 10 years, while ensuring that the capacity utilization is not lower than 30% in the first year. In communes without access to the power grid, in the immediate future, it is necessary to identify appropriate power supply sources in line with the local potential and economic conditions such as small hydropower, biogas, solar energy, and wind energy.

5.3.4.2. Planning of rural power supply works must be based on electrical load, power supply sources, voltage, power supply line networks and electrical equipment.

5.3.4.3. The calculated electrical load includes household living electrical load, public services (commune-level offices, schools, medical stations, purchasing cooperatives, cultural houses …), industry – small industry, agriculture in the locality.

NOTES:

1. The demand for living and public service electrical load is determined on the basis of electricity use registration, survey data on living standards, the quantity and type of electricity-using equipment, and socio-economic development indicators of the commune.
2. The demand for agricultural electrical load is determined on the basis of plans and planning for the development of crop types (food crops, industrial crops, fruit trees), livestock (aquaculture, livestock, poultry) taking into account the specific topography and irrigation scale in the commune.

5.3.4.4. Medium and low voltage power grids should avoid crossing ponds, lakes, swamps, high mountains, traffic roads with large road cross-sections, industrial production areas…

5.3.4.5. The medium voltage distribution grid must be built in the direction of long-term planning with standard voltage levels of 22 kV and 35 kV.

NOTE: Voltage levels of 6 kV, 10 kV and 15 kV should only be used until the end of the lifespan of the works.

5.3.4.6. Planning of power lines in residential areas must be associated with the planning of architectural renovation, renovation of traffic roads and ponds.

5.3.4.7. It is necessary to ensure the safety distance and protection corridor of power lines as prescribed in rural power technical regulations [6].

5.3.5. Planning for wastewater drainage, solid waste collection and treatment, cemeteries

5.3.5.1. Wastewater drainage

5.3.5.1.1. Determination of wastewater drainage solutions must be suitable to the realities of the residential area and the economic conditions of the commune. For areas with low population density and large areas of household premises, self-draining wastewater treatment solutions (when geological conditions permit) should be applied.

For other residential areas, a common or semi-separate wastewater drainage system needs to be built.

5.3.5.1.2. Wastewater from craft villages that is contaminated and toxic must be classified and collected by a separate drainage system and treated to meet environmental requirements before being discharged into receiving sources.

5.3.5.1.3. It is necessary to divide the main drainage basins according to the location of each village to avoid stagnant wastewater, especially during the rainy and flood season, affecting the environment in residential areas.

5.3.5.1.4. The selection of a wastewater drainage system must ensure environmental sanitation requirements and minimal investment. When planning the wastewater drainage network, it is necessary to determine wastewater indicators, forecast drainage needs; select wastewater drainage network and wastewater treatment works. For areas that are frequently flooded, it is necessary to select drainage solutions and wastewater treatment technologies to ensure environmental sanitation during the flood season; propose measures to clean the environment after floods.

5.3.5.2. Solid waste collection and treatment

5.3.5.2.1. Encouraging the application of a solid waste collection system including collection points and transfer stations. The determination of the collection system is based on the amount of solid waste per day and the service radius of solid waste collection. The minimum environmental safety distance between the fence of a fixed transfer station to the foot of other construction works must not be less than 20 m.

5.3.5.2.2. Solid waste transfer stations must be planned at locations convenient for transportation and must ensure that transportation activities do not affect the environmental quality. The solid waste transfer station must have the capacity to receive and transport all the solid waste volume within the collection radius to the centralized treatment area within no more than 2 days and nights.

5.3.5.2.3. Small-sized unofficial transfer stations (without technical infrastructure) have a minimum area of 20 m².

5.3.5.2.4. For production facilities that generate industrial solid waste, it must be collected and transported to the place of treatment and disposal as prescribed.

5.3.5.2.5. In low population density areas, self-treatment solutions at households should be selected through forms such as garden-pond-livestock pen combinations; trash cans, garbage storage pits, self-decomposing garbage pits; fertilizer composting and sludge pits at households to treat solid waste from living, cultivation, and animal husbandry.

5.3.5.3. Cemeteries

5.3.5.3.1. Cemetery planning should be suitable for immediate service needs and long-term development. The type of cemetery should be suitable to local customs and practices. Limit the situation of scattered distribution of cemeteries, interspersed with residential areas in the commune.

NOTE: Encouraging the planning of cemeteries to serve neighboring communes and cemeteries using civilized and modern burial forms to save construction costs and minimize environmental pollution.

5.3.5.3.2. Cemetery sites must be suitable with topographical conditions, geological conditions, hydrogeological conditions and the ability to exploit land funds, suitable with the organization of population distribution and connection of technical infrastructure works.

5.3.5.3.3. The standards for land use for different types of cemeteries with different burial forms must comply with current regulations on construction, management and use of cemeteries (one-time burial, sand burial, burial in the tomb, re-burial and cremation). The minimum environmental sanitation safety distance from cemeteries to residential areas and schools must comply with regulations [7].

5.3.5.3.4. When planning the construction of cemeteries, it is necessary to organize architectural space, functional zoning and arrange technical infrastructure systems rationally in order to exploit and use efficiently, save land, limit environmental pollution, meet requirements of landscape, environmental protection and cemetery management.

5.3.5.3.5. There should be solutions to renovate and improve the technical infrastructure system and greenery in cemeteries that are still suitable with the construction planning to ensure standards of hygiene, environmental landscape and not affect the surrounding residential areas.

6. Planning of rural residential areas and commune centers (detailed planning)

6.1. Architectural spatial planning of rural residential areas and commune centers

6.1.1. Population size and land for new construction and expansion of rural residential areas

6.1.1.1. The population size in rural residential areas is determined based on the current population, the forecasted district-level population size and the carrying capacity at the planning time.

6.1.1.2. The land for building rural residential areas must be consistent with the planning of the rural residential area network, ensuring requirements on location and natural conditions, technical infrastructure conditions, environmental quality, other social utilities and land reserved for development. Ensuring convenient connection in daily life and production of the people. The distance from residential areas to cultivation areas shall not exceed 2 km.

6.1.1.3. Land for new construction and expansion of rural residential areas must meet the following requirements:

– Resolving well the relationship between current construction and projected future development;

– Meeting production and livelihood needs;

– Ensuring land use norms for synchronous construction of technical infrastructure;

– Using existing construction land, minimizing the use of cultivation land for construction purposes, especially high-yield agricultural production land. For mountainous and midland areas, land areas with slopes below 15° should be prioritized for cultivation, not for construction;

– Not being inundated, limiting the impact of natural disasters;

– Meeting requirements for water supply and drainage, wastewater treatment, environmental sanitation and fire and explosion safety;

– Ensuring requirements for security, defense, tourism, culture, history, beliefs…

6.1.1.4. Not using land to build and expand rural residential areas in the following areas:

– Areas with heavily polluted environments that have not been treated;

– Areas with bad climate, geology, places with whirlwinds;

– Areas with resources that need to be exploited or in archaeological areas;

– Areas prohibited from construction (protection scope of technical infrastructure works, protection zones of historical and cultural relics, scenic areas, biodiversity conservation areas, protection areas of national defense works…);

– Areas that are frequently flooded too deeply (flooding over 3 m), landslides, flash floods;

– Areas with important railways, roads, high voltage power transmission lines, oil pipelines, gas pipelines crossing through.

6.1.1.5. Land use planning must include residential land, land for construction of public works, land for transportation and technical infrastructure, land for agriculture-forestry-fishery, land for industry, small-scale industry, land for production service. Land use planning needs to be combined with the organization of spaces, landscapes and essential infrastructure for production areas of the whole commune, consistent with production planning, towards advanced, mechanized and modernized production types.

6.1.1.6. Norms for construction land of rural residential areas are prescribed in Table 1.

Table 1 – Norms for construction land of rural residential areas

6.1.2. Requirements for residential areas

6.1.2.1. Construction planning of residential areas must meet the following requirements:

– Inheriting the current population distribution and in accordance with the planning of the population distribution network of the relevant larger area;

– Suitable population distribution, convenient for organizing public works such as schools, medical stations, markets… in order to ensure good service to the needs of the people and effective organization of social infrastructure works;

– Suitable with land and terrain. Can be based on natural terrain and geographical features such as roads, ponds, canals, hills, land strips to define boundaries;

– The organization of living space must ensure hygiene and ecological environment requirements. Inheriting the identity and traditional architecture by regions.

6.1.2.2. Residential land area is taken according to Table 1 of this standard. Allowing the increase and decrease of the values in Table 1 but must be consistent with local regulations on limiting residential land allocated to each household.

NOTES: Refer to Appendix B of this standard for indicators of residential land area, construction density and housing architectural form by region.

6.1.2.3. The residential lot of a household includes land for construction of:

– Main house and auxiliary houses (housing, kitchen, warehouse, auxiliary production);

– Auxiliary works (bathroom, toilet);

– Walkways, yards, place for straw, firewood, garbage, fences;

– Garden land, livestock pens, pond land …

6.1.2.4. The layout of works on a residential lot must be convenient for living and production of the household and ensure environmental sanitation. Based on climatic factors of each region to choose appropriate layout solutions, house orientation, organizing residential architectural space in accordance with customs, cultural and social practices, construction traditions of each region.

6.1.2.5. For areas developing commercial services, small-scale industry, residential areas near major traffic routes or in peri-urban areas, concentrated residential areas can be developed in the direction of urbanization. Housing forms can be villas, townhouses (divided plots) to replace traditional rural houses. Spatial organization must ensure long-term requirements for technical infrastructure organization, ensure environmental sanitation of residential areas and be suitable with the architectural landscape in the area.

6.1.2.6. For village areas with large residential land area, it is necessary to develop garden economy combined with ecological architecture in residential land.

6.1.2.7. Rural houses need to reach the minimum floor area standard of 14 m²/person and have a service life of 20 years or more, ensuring a solid foundation, solid frame and solid roof. Houses must be built according to the traditional architecture of the locality, suitable to natural conditions and village spatial architecture.

6.1.2.8. In the residential campus, there must be sufficient technical systems to serve daily life such as electricity, clean water, environmental sanitation… Traffic must be connected to the general traffic system of the village, ensuring safety and convenience for people’s travel and when using rudimentary means such as bicycles, motorcycles…

6.1.2.9. Ensuring sanitary distance from residential houses (with only residential function) to concentrated animal husbandry areas, small-scale industrial production not less than 200 m. If houses are combined with production or auxiliary occupations, it is only applicable to types that have little negative impact on the residential environment.

6.1.2.10. Livestock and poultry pens in the household lot (if any) must be located far from the house, well and common road at least 5 m, placed at the end of the wind direction and must have manure, garbage, and wastewater pits to ensure environmental sanitation.

6.1.2.11. Garbage and wastewater must be collected and treated before being discharged outside the household’s residential campus.

6.1.2.12. Households must build septic or semi-septic tanks. In case it is not possible to design a septic or semi-septic tank, a two-compartment latrine is used but must ensure environmental sanitation requirements.

6.1.2.13. Toilets must be built in a discreet place, at least 6 m away from the house and at least 10 m away from the living water source. Wastewater from septic tanks must flow into drains or seepage pits, not spilling onto the ground.

6.1.2.14. Encouraging the use of greenery and vines for fencing.

6.1.3. Requirements for commune center planning

6.1.3.1. General requirements

6.1.3.1.1. Depending on the conditions of each locality, each commune may have a main center and sub-centers. The commune center is located on the commune trunk road, ensuring convenient connection to residential areas in the commune and with the outside.

6.1.3.1.2. The commune center area can be combined with the area of historical, cultural and religious relics of the locality (if any).

6.1.3.1.3. Important public service works are arranged at the commune center such as:

– Working offices of state agencies in the commune;

– Public works including: nursery schools, kindergartens, primary schools, lower secondary schools, medical stations, cultural – sports centers, markets, central service stores, post and telecommunications service points.

NOTE: For communes with a population size larger than 20,000, a high school needs to be planned.

6.1.3.1.4. The organization of the public works system must ensure requirements for travel, public activities and protection of the living environment.

NOTE: When building public works, it is necessary to take into account the needs for access and use by people with disabilities in accordance with relevant regulations.

6.1.3.1.5. The forecast of construction land for public works in the commune center must ensure meeting immediate use needs and future development.

6.1.3.2. Commune People’s Committee headquarters

a) The commune headquarters is built in the center of the commune, convenient for transportation and internal and external activities;

b) The commune headquarters must ensure sufficient standards for working area according to standards and norms for using working offices of state agencies in communes [8].

Functional parts in the work include: working rooms of civil servants, technical practice staff, meeting rooms, guest rooms, citizen reception rooms, one-stop administrative reform service rooms, records storage service rooms, information and propaganda activity service rooms.

Auxiliary and service parts include main lobby, secondary lobbies; corridors; stairs, toilets, warehouse, parking area.

c) The large meeting room or hall is designed for multi-purpose use, for the activities of the People’s Council, People’s Committee or other common tasks of the commune. Area standard: not less than 0.8 m²/seat.

d) Construction land area: not less than 1,000 m².

e) Green tree area: not less than 30%.

f) The commune headquarters is built with a maximum of 3 floors.

6.1.3.3. Schools

– Each commune must plan to build nursery schools, kindergartens, primary schools, lower secondary schools with physical facilities meeting national standards.

– Having enough functional blocks built solidly.

– In the classroom, there are enough tables and chairs for teachers and students, equipped with a system of fans and lighting. The size of classrooms, tables, chairs, boards, lecture platforms, lighting systems, classroom decorations must be in the right specifications.

– The school campus must ensure hygiene requirements according to current regulations [9].

– The school construction area must ensure quietness, greenness, cleanliness, beauty, ensuring students can travel safely and conveniently.

– Must ensure the supply of clean water sources, have separate toilet areas for teachers and students, have a drainage system and waste collection for the school.

– The school must have yards, gardens, surrounding walls, school gates and school signs.

– Having enough types of educational equipment according to the minimum list prescribed by the Ministry of Education and Training.

– School design solutions must comply with relevant regulations.

a) Nursery schools, kindergartens

• Planning indicators for kindergartens are determined according to the minimum regulation of 50 school places per 1,000 people (50 places/1,000 people) to carry out nurturing, care and education of children from three months to six years old, ensuring the enrollment of 50% to 80% of children of kindergarten age and 50% to 60% of children of nursery age.
• Service radius:

+ For suburban and rural resettlement areas: not larger than 1.0 km;

+ For mountainous, highland, remote and isolated areas: not larger than 2.0 km.

• For communes in mountainous, highland, remote and isolated areas, depending on the specific local conditions, additional groups of children or kindergarten classes can be organized in different locations (called school points). In especially difficult areas, mixed classes can be organized to facilitate children’s access to school.
• The area of land for construction of kindergartens includes: construction area; playground area; area for greenery and walkways. The standard construction land area is not less than 12 m²/child.
• The structure of functional blocks in the work:

+ Group of infant and toddler rooms, kindergarten classrooms: common living room; sleeping room; toilet; play porch.

+ Group of rooms for learning support: physical education room, art education room or multi-functional room.

+ Group of rooms for meal organization: kitchen area and storage.

+ Administration block: school office; principal’s office (vice principal); office; administrative management room; medical room; security room; staff room; toilet area for teachers, officials and staff; parking area for teachers, officials and staff; parking area for guests and parents.

+ Yards and gardens

• The total ground plan of building blocks in a kindergarten needs to ensure the following regulations:

+ Functional blocks have appropriate scale and area to meet usage and management needs; ensure safe and reasonable internal traffic.

+ The group of infant and toddler rooms, kindergarten classrooms should be placed in a prioritized position: directly receiving cool breezes in summer, avoiding drafts and limiting cold winds in winter; having measures to avoid driving rain and direct sunlight from the West;

+ The playground has enough sunlight, creating a suitable spatial environment for children’s psychological and physiological characteristics;

• Construction density:

+ Construction area of works: not larger than 40%;

+ Area of gardens and greenery: not less than 40%;

+ Area of internal traffic: not less than 20%.

• Design solutions for nursery schools and kindergartens must ensure safety requirements for life, health protection and prevention of injuries and accidents for children [9] and TCVN 3907:2011.
• Kindergartens should not be designed and built larger than 3 stories.

b) Primary schools

• Primary school planning must be in line with the planning of the school network, meeting the requirements of local socio-economic development, facilitating students to go to school. Planning indicators are determined from 65 to 80 school places per 1,000 people.
• Primary schools are designed with a maximum of 30 classes with no more than 35 students per class.
• Service radius:

+ Resettlement areas: not larger than 0.5 km;

+ Suburban and rural areas: not larger than 1.0 km;

+ Areas with especially difficult socio-economic conditions: not larger than 2.0 km.

• Depending on local conditions, there may be additional school points in different locations to facilitate children’s access to school. In especially difficult areas, mixed classes can be organized to facilitate students’ schooling.
• The area of construction land is not less than 10 m²/student.
• The structure of functional blocks in the work:

+ Group of classrooms: the number of classrooms is built corresponding to the number of classes in the school, ensuring that each class has a separate classroom.

+ Group of learning support rooms: physical education room or multi-purpose hall; art education room; library; educational equipment room; tradition and Team activity room; support room for education of students with disabilities in inclusive education.

+ Administration block: Principal’s office (vice principal); teachers’ room; office; school medical room; storage; guard room;

+ Playground area;

+ Toilet area: for teachers, staff and students (placed according to functional blocks or placed outside the building);

+ Parking area: for teachers and students;

• Standard area of main classrooms:

+ Classroom: not less than 1.25 m²/student;

+ Physical education room: not less than 1.8 m²/student;

+ Art education room: not less than 1.5 m²/student.

• Construction density:

+ Construction area of works: not larger than 40%;

+ Area of greenery: not less than 40%;

+ Area of playground: not larger than 20%.

• Design solutions for primary schools must ensure safety requirements for life, health protection and prevention of injuries and accidents for children [9] and TCVN 8793:2011.

c) Lower secondary schools

• Planning of lower secondary schools must be in line with the planning of the secondary school network in the area and meet the requirements of socio-economic development. The planning indicator is taken from 55 to 70 school places per 1,000 people.
• Lower secondary schools are designed with a maximum of 45 classes with no more than 45 students per class. The number of classrooms and subject classrooms is sufficient for a maximum of 2 sessions/day of study.
• The area of construction land is not less than 10 m²/student.
• The structure of building blocks:

+ Group of classrooms: classroom, subject classrooms;

+ Group of learning support rooms: Multi-purpose hall, library, teaching preparation equipment room, Youth Union – Team activity room, tradition room, support room for inclusive education of students with disabilities;

+ Administration block: principal’s office, vice principal’s office, office, Teachers Council room; teachers’ rest room; school medical room; storage; guard room;

+ Playground area.

+ Toilet area and parking area;

• Standard area of main classrooms:

+ Classroom: not less than 1.80 m²/student;

+ Subject classroom: not less than 1.85 m²/student;

+ Technology subject classroom: not less than 2.25 m²/student;

• Construction density:

+ Construction area of works: not larger than 45%;

+ Area of green yards: not less than 30%;

+ Area of playground, internal traffic: not less than 25%

• Design solutions for primary schools must ensure safety requirements for life, health protection and prevention of injuries and accidents for children [8] and TCVN 8794:2011.
• Lower secondary schools should not be designed and built larger than 4 stories.

6.1.3.4. Commune health stations

a) The commune health station is located in the commune center area, near traffic roads, in a quiet, high and airy place, conveniently connected with hamlets, convenient for primary health care and medical examination and treatment. The health station is placed at least 50 m away from other works. The surrounding environment must ensure hygiene requirements.

b) The service radius is not larger than 3.0 km for mountainous areas and not larger than 2.0 km for plains.

c) Commune health stations are designed according to the population scale and specific natural conditions of each region and are divided into the following types:

• Type of station with a population size not larger than 10,000 people.
• Type of station with a population size larger than 10,000 people.

d) The structure of functional blocks in the work:

• Main building: consultation room, primary health care propaganda room, medical examination and first aid room, family planning department, maternity, patient rooms, washing, sterilization, traditional medicine examination and treatment. Number of floors of the building: 2 floors;
• Auxiliary works: warehouse, kitchen, toilet, parking (depending on the requirements of each locality);
• Playground, medicinal plant garden.

e) The area of land for construction of the health station is at least 500 m² if there is no medicinal garden and at least 1,000 m² if there is a medicinal plant garden, ensuring the construction of the main building and auxiliary works.

f) Construction density:

• Construction area of works: not larger than 40%.
• Area of greenery (area of shade trees, flower gardens, medicinal gardens): not less than 45%.
• Other area: Not less than 15%.

g) Having a power source to ensure stable power supply and a water source to ensure hygiene

h) Having a protective fence, a gate and a sign with the name of the health station.

i) Having basic equipment to carry out examination and treatment of patients at the first level and common initial emergency equipment.

j) Having a wastewater and solid waste collection system.

k) When designing commune health stations, it is necessary to refer to relevant regulations.

6.1.3.5. Cultural – sports facilities

a) Commune cultural facilities include the commune cultural and sports center and the village cultural house – sports area. These works can be built separately or in combined blocks with greenery and water to create an architectural facade for the village and save land. The sports land indicator is from 2 m²/person to 3 m²/person.

b) The commune cultural and sports center includes a multi-purpose cultural house (hall, functional rooms, practice rooms, auxiliary works), a common sports ground (football field, volleyball court, high jump, long jump, shot put and grounds for organizing folk sports of the locality). The hall is used for common activities of the commune.

c) The village cultural house – sports area is a place for cultural and artistic activities, physical training and sports, entertainment, meetings, and community activities of the village, contributing to building new rural areas.

d) Minimum land area:

– Commune cultural and sports center:

+ Multi-purpose cultural house: 1,000 m² for communes in the plains and 800 m² for communes in mountainous areas, in which:

♦ Hall: 150 seats for communes in the plains and 100 seats for communes in mountainous areas;

♦ Functional rooms (administration; information; reading books and newspapers; broadcasting; clubs): 05 rooms for communes in the plains and from 02 rooms or more for communes in mountainous areas;

♦ Simple sports practice room used for training, teaching and organizing sports competitions, area: 30 m x 18 m for communes in the plains and 24 m x 12 m for communes in mountainous areas;

♦ Auxiliary works (parking, toilet area, flower garden) need to meet the requirements: 100% for communes in the plains and 70% for communes in mountainous areas.

– Village cultural house – sports area:

+ Cultural house: 500 m² for communes in the plains and 300 m² for communes in mountainous areas, in which:

♦ Hall: 100 seats for communes in the plains and 80 seats for communes in mountainous areas;

♦ Functional rooms (administration; information; reading books and newspapers; broadcasting; clubs): 02 rooms for communes in the plains and from 01 room or more for communes in mountainous areas;

+ Village sports area: 2,000 m² for communes in the plains and 1,500 m² for communes in mountainous areas, in which:

♦ Simple sports practice ground: 250 m² for communes in the plains and 200 m² for communes in mountainous areas;

♦ Simple sports practice room used for training, teaching and organizing sports competitions, area: 24 m x 12 m for communes in the plains and 18 m x 15 m for communes in mountainous areas.

e) Equipment for tables and chairs, shelves, cabinets, sound and light equipment, ventilation, loudspeakers, specialized sports equipment meeting the requirements: 100% for communes in the plains and 70% for communes in mountainous areas.

NOTES:

1) For communes with conditions, it is necessary to arrange more:

• Tradition room to display the history and achievements in combat and production of the locality: minimum construction area is 200 m²;
• Library: 15 reading seats for communes in the plains; 10 reading seats for communes in mountainous areas; book storage with a capacity of 3,000 to 5,000 books;

2) Sports grounds need to be combined with school sports grounds and used as outdoor movie viewing areas to save land. It is necessary to take advantage of existing rivers, ponds and lakes to renovate into swimming and playing areas. The design of sports grounds needs to refer to relevant regulations.

6.1.3.6. Market

a) Within the commune’s territory, there can be village markets and communal markets to serve essential daily needs through the buying, selling, and exchanging of goods and services within the commune.

b) A communal market is a grade-3 market with less than 200 business stalls, with a standard area per business unit of 3 m². Increasing the number of business households in the market and extending the daily trading hours of households within the commune are encouraged.

c) The land area for market construction ranges from 2,000 m² to 3,000 m²;

d) Markets are constructed as grade-3 or grade-4 buildings, with 1 to 2 floors.

e) The overall market layout typically includes land areas such as: the main market building construction area (and other roofed works), outdoor trading area, internal traffic roads and parking lots, yard and garden area, green trees, and waste collection points.

NOTE: For markets in mountainous communes, spaces should be allocated for organizing outdoor cultural activities suitable to the local cultural and festive activities.

f) Construction density:

+ Construction area of the main market building (and other roofed works): not less than 40%;

+ Outdoor trading area: not less than 25%;

+ Internal traffic roads and parking lots area: greater than 25%;

+ Yard, garden, and green tree area: not less than 10%.

NOTE: The parking lot area can be used in combination for outdoor cultural and festive activities.

g) Market design must ensure environmental sanitation requirements, closely integrate with the technical design solutions of adjacent works (such as traffic road organization, water supply pipelines for fire fighting, fire alarm communication, etc.) in accordance with current regulations on construction investment management, and must consider the market’s future expansion potential.

h) For remote, isolated communes, cooperative stores can be organized for trading food, vegetables, fruits, agricultural and forestry products, handicrafts, or food and beverage stores. The land area for a cooperative trading store ranges from 500 m² to 600 m². In addition, some stores serving people’s daily needs such as household appliance repair, bicycle and motorbike repair, tailoring, and hairdressing can also be built. The land area for constructing these stores serving people’s daily needs ranges from 300 m² to 400 m². These stores should be located on the commune’s main roads and combined with the communal market. The number of sales points depends on the population size and the actual economic and social development potential of the commune, usually calculated from 1,000 people/sales point to 2,000 people/sales point.

i) When designing rural markets, relevant regulations should be consulted.

6.1.3.7. Postal and telecommunications service points

a) Each commune must have at least one postal and telecommunications service point for people within the commune’s territory, achieving a maximum average service level of 8,000 people per postal – telecommunications service point, with an average service radius of less than 3 km;

b) Postal and telecommunications service facilities include: post offices (if any), postal agents, communal postal – cultural points, kiosks, public mailboxes, and other public postal and telecommunications access points (including internet access);

c) Postal and telecommunications service facilities must be located in convenient positions for users, convenient for connecting with the mail network and information transmission network such as the commune’s political, economic, and cultural center; centers of residential areas for travel and work such as traffic hubs, ports, markets, schools, construction sites, etc.

d) Land area allocated for a postal and telecommunications service point: not less than 150 m².

NOTE: Postal and telecommunications service points can be arranged in combination with communal cultural and sports houses or village houses.

6.1.4. Planning requirements for production and production-supporting facilities

6.1.4.1. In the commune center area and residential clusters, non-polluting production and production-supporting facilities can be arranged such as facilities serving cultivation, rice seed storage, crop storage, drying yards, small-scale industrial production facilities for weaving carpets, embroidery, consumer goods processing, etc.

NOTE: Drying yards can be used in combination for some communal activities such as meetings, cultural performances, and film screenings of the commune.

6.1.4.2. Production-supporting facilities such as agricultural product warehouses, rice and corn seed warehouses, chemical fertilizer and pesticide warehouses, agricultural equipment and material warehouses, etc. must be arranged with convenient connections to rural roads. The distance from chemical fertilizer warehouses must ensure a minimum separation distance of 100 m to other works in the downwind direction.

6.1.4.3. Rice milling stations and agricultural equipment mechanical repair workshops should be located near inter-village and inter-commune roads but must be at least 100 m away from the commune center and residential areas to prevent noise and dust.

6.1.4.4. Concentrated livestock farms or aquaculture areas must have systems for collecting and treating manure and waste. Construction sites must be near water sources, feed supply sources, with convenient transportation, and downwind. The hygienic separation distance between concentrated pig and poultry farms and residential areas must be greater than 100 m.

6.1.5. Planning requirements for greenery and water bodies

6.1.5.1. Greenery in rural residential areas includes public green trees and flower gardens; concentrated tree gardens such as fruit trees, medicinal plants, nurseries; green buffer trees at concentrated production areas and production facilities.

6.1.5.2. Green trees and flower gardens should be planted at the commune center and around public works, cultural and historical works.

6.1.5.3. The standard for public green land is taken according to the regulations in Table 1.

6.1.5.4. Planting green trees in rural residential areas must closely combine economic benefits with the requirements for improving the ecological environment, in line with the planning of protective forests, anti-erosion and anti-soil degradation trees.

6.1.5.5. Green trees within household premises need to be suitable with the house orientation to ensure ventilation, shading, and be appropriate with the local soil conditions and identity.

6.1.5.6. Along commune roads, inter-commune roads, and roads from the commune to villages, at least one row of shade trees for timber or fruit harvesting should be planted. Ensure the density of green trees in the commune center and in cultural and historical works.

6.1.5.7. Around production areas and production facilities that generate dust, noise, or odors, a green buffer strip should be planted.

NOTE: Tall trees with large canopies and thick leaves should be interspersed with shrubs to increase the hygienic separation ability.

6.1.5.8. It is not allowed to plant trees with toxic sap, fruit trees that attract flies and mosquitoes, or thorny trees in schools and medical stations. Shade trees and trees with air purifying effects should be planted.

6.1.5.9. Ponds, lakes, rivers and streams should be utilized to create an ecological environment and serve as a place for regulating surface water drainage when necessary. For stagnant ponds and lakes, they must be renovated to create landscape and ecological spaces that meet environmental sanitation requirements.

6.2. Planning the network of technical infrastructure systems for rural residential areas and commune centers

6.2.1. Technical site preparation planning

6.2.1.1. Ground leveling planning

6.2.1.1.1. Ground leveling planning must take advantage of the natural terrain, minimize the volume of ground leveling, excavation and filling, protect perennial trees and topsoil, and minimize road and foundation erosion. It is necessary to determine the planned control elevation of works, yards, roads, and drainage systems.

6.2.1.1.2. Ground leveling planning must ensure rainwater drainage and convenient and safe travel.

6.2.1.1.3. Stepped leveling for areas with slopes from 10% to 20%, reinforce slopes to create sufficient space for construction works.

6.2.1.1.4. Only carry out ground leveling when the planned construction location of the works has been determined and there is a rainwater drainage plan.

6.2.1.1.5. The design elevation is determined depending on the type of work:

• For warehouses (chemical fertilizer, pesticide, seed and grain warehouses), commune medical stations, kindergartens: the ground elevation must be above the highest possible flood water level, at least 0.3 m.
• For livestock farms, drying yards, rice milling stations, commune headquarters: the elevation must be above the average annual maximum inundation water level;
• Residential houses and other public works: must ensure the ground elevation is not lower than 1.5 m compared to the highest inundation water level.

6.2.1.1.6. For residential areas located in flooded plains, the planning of canal and pond excavation and ground filling must be comprehensively studied to combine land use with aquaculture and waterway transportation.

6.2.1.2. Rainwater drainage planning

6.2.1.2.1. The rainwater drainage system needs to be based on the topography, rainfall, surface area, determining the control elevation for each residential area, dividing the drainage basin, slope direction, slope, and culvert and ditch system.

6.2.1.2.2. It is necessary to select a combined drainage system, a semi-combined and semi-separated system suitable with the irrigation and drainage system. For rivers and streams flowing through residential areas, the banks need to be renovated and reinforced to prevent erosion.

6.2.1.2.3. Use open ditch and gutter systems to collect and lead rainwater to ponds, lakes or irrigation canals.

6.2.1.2.4. Ponds and lakes should be utilized as places to regulate drainage and avoid local flooding in residential areas.

6.2.1.2.5. The rainwater drainage network depends on the type of surface and the recurrence interval of the design rainfall P, taken according to TCVN 7957:2008.

6.2.1.2.6. For residential areas located on hillsides or mountains, intercepting ditches or flow-blocking canals must be designed on hilltops or mountains to prevent water from flowing through residential areas.

6.2.2. Traffic planning

6.2.2.1. When planning rural traffic roads, it must meet the requirements of serving production, economic – cultural – social exchange of villages and hamlets, ensuring the passage of motorized and rudimentary vehicles.

6.2.2.2. The rural traffic road network must conform to the terrain to ensure the least amount of excavation and filling, not requiring the construction of many road structures (bridges, culverts, etc.); combined with the irrigation and drainage network.

6.2.2.3. Roads from the district to the commune must meet the technical standards of grade IV automobile roads as specified in TCVN 4054:2005, as follows:

• Design traffic volume: greater than 500 pcu/day.
• Design speed:

+ 60 km/h for plains;

+ 40 km/h for mountainous areas.

• Minimum number of motorized vehicle lanes: 2 lanes.
• Width of motorized vehicle lanes: not less than 3.5 m/lane.
• Shoulder and reinforced shoulder width: not less than 1.50 m; minimum must not be less than 0.5 m.
• Road base width: 9.00 m.
• Clearance: 4.5 m.

6.2.2.4. Main commune roads, from the commune to villages, meet the technical standards of grade A roads specified as follows:

• Design speed:

+ 15 km/h for plains;

+ 10 km/h for mountainous areas.

• Minimum number of motorized vehicle lanes: 1 lane.
• Width of motorized vehicle lanes: not less than 3.5 m/lane.
• Shoulder and reinforced shoulder width: not less than 1.00 m; minimum must not be less than 0.5 m;
• Road base width: 5.00 m (for communes with difficult conditions, 4.0 m).
• Clearance: 3.5 m.

6.2.2.5. Village roads have a carriageway width of 4 m to 5 m, a minimum shoulder width of 0.5 m, clearance: 3.0 m.

6.2.2.6. Alley and hamlet roads have a minimum carriageway width of 3.5 m, are solidified and have drainage ditches.

6.2.2.7. Main infield roads must meet the requirements of serving agricultural mechanization, using light motorized or rudimentary vehicles. The width of the embankment road surface (main infield traffic axis): not less than 2.0 m, the base width not less than 3.0 m and with places for vehicles to pass each other. The width of the plot embankment is 1.5 m.

6.2.2.8. Main infield roads are arranged in accordance with the irrigation and drainage canal system and are spread with aggregate.

6.2.2.9. For communes with developed trade and services, parking lots need to be arranged. Communes with developed industry and craft villages should have cargo transport roads going outside the residential area, connecting with factories, warehouses, and wharves.

6.2.2.10. The road surface structure can apply cement concrete or crushed stone pavement structures, or brick paving, cement-mixed sand and gravel, or broken bricks and blast furnace slag according to the technical grades of relevant current regulations.

6.2.3. Water supply planning

6.2.3.1. In concentrated rural residential areas, clean water must be supplied to meet the quality of domestic water [4]. The water supply system for rural residential areas in communes can be centralized or decentralized, using groundwater and surface water sources. For communes with scarce water sources, there should be solutions to collect and store rainwater.

6.2.3.2. Ensure the following domestic water supply standards:

• With sanitary equipment and water supply and drainage pipeline networks: not less than 100 liters/person/day;
• With pipelines leading to houses and household taps: not less than 60 liters/person/day;
• Using public taps: not less than 40 liters/person/day.

NOTE: Water consumption standards for some production sectors are referenced in Appendix C of this standard.

6.2.3.3. The quality of water sources must ensure relevant requirements [9] and [10].

6.2.3.4. Regulations on hygienic separation distances to protect water sources:

• For surface water sources: within 200 m from the water intake point upstream and 100 m downstream, no constructions that cause water source pollution are allowed.
• For groundwater sources: within a radius of 20 m from the well, no constructions that contaminate the water source are allowed;
• For public wells and drilled wells: must choose a location with a good water source, build a high well wall and pave the surroundings; at least 10 m away from toilets, livestock and poultry pens, or other sources of pollution;

NOTE: Plants must be at least 10 m away from the well and toxic sap trees must not be planted.

6.2.4. Power supply planning

6.2.4.1. Electricity load requirements

• The electricity demand for serving the living needs of rural residential areas must ensure the minimum requirements as in Table 2 according to relevant current regulations [11].
• The electricity demand for public works in rural residential areas must ensure not less than 15% of the commune’s living electricity demand.
• The electricity demand for serving production must be based on the specific requirements of each production facility.

6.2.4.2. Power line planning in residential areas must be linked with the planning for architectural renovation, transportation road renovation, and lakes and ponds.

Table 2 – Electricity demand for serving the living needs of rural residential areas

6.2.4.3. Transformer stations must be placed at the midpoint of electricity use points or near the largest electrical load, with a convenient location for placing incoming and outgoing lines, minimizing road crossings, not causing obstacles and dangers to people’s production and living activities. Transformer stations should be located in high and dry places.

6.2.4.4. Protection corridor for transformer stations:

• For 22 KV voltage: not less than 2m;
• For 35 kV voltage: not less than 3 m.

6.2.4.5. The arrangement of high-voltage lines below 20 kV needs to ensure the following requirements:

• Adhering to the road axes;
• Minimizing crossing rivers and lakes;
• Minimizing crossing major traffic roads and residential areas;
• Avoiding passing through public works, production facilities, and residential houses. If running along rivers, canal and pond banks, measures must be taken to protect pole foundations from water erosion or landslides;
• Not allowed to pass through places storing flammable and explosive substances (petrol and oil depots, coal yards, cotton and fiber warehouses, urea fertilizer warehouses, food warehouses, bamboo and wood leaf storage yards, etc.);
• High-voltage lines are not allowed to pass over house roofs. If high-voltage lines run through production facilities with corrugated iron roofs, the facilities must be grounded in accordance with relevant regulations.

6.2.4.6. The minimum distance from low-voltage lines to works must ensure the following requirements:

• From windows, balconies, roof ridges: 0.7 m;
• From doors: 0.5 m.
• The horizontal distance between parallel and close power lines in a static state: 4.0 m.

6.2.4.7. Separate power lines should be installed for living electricity, industrial electricity, and agricultural electricity.

6.2.4.8. Important works and consumers with high electricity demand need backup power sources.

6.2.4.9. Arrange lighting lines along inter-village roads and alley roads. The road lighting system for rural residential areas and commune centers must meet the minimum criteria:

• Average brightness on the road surface: from 0.2 Cd/m² to 0.4 Cd/m²;
• Average illuminance on the road surface: 5 lux to 8 lux.

6.2.5. Planning of wastewater drainage, solid waste collection and treatment, cemeteries

6.2.5.1. Wastewater drainage

6.2.5.1.1. In rural residential areas, there must be a drainage system from households leading to a system (combined or separate) that discharges into ponds, lakes, canals, ditches (drainage culverts).

6.2.5.1.2. Arrange ditches (drainage culverts) along the main road axes, with slopes draining into fields, ponds, lakes, irrigation canals. Build culvert and ditch systems with slabs or open ditches for combined drainage.

The ratio of wastewater collection and the selection of drainage systems for residential areas need to be suitable for rural areas in different regions, at least 80% of the supplied water amount must be collected for treatment.

6.2.5.1.3. Domestic wastewater standards must comply with regulations on wastewater standards [12].

6.2.5.1.4. There must be systems for collecting and treating polluted wastewater and production water from craft villages before discharging into the common drainage system.

• Craft village wastewater must be treated to meet category B standards according to TCVN 5945:2010.
• For wastewater from seafood processing facilities, paper and pulp production facilities, and textile and garment facilities, it must comply with relevant regulations [13], [14] and [15].

6.2.5.1.5. After being preliminarily treated, wastewater will be led to the combined drainage system to apply biological treatment methods under natural conditions in ponds, lakes (biological lakes) or septic tanks.

6.2.5.2. Solid waste collection and treatment

6.2.5.2.1. Use the garden-pond-livestock pen combination (VAC) model and apply biological technology methods such as waste bins, waste storage pits, self-degrading waste pits, sludge composting pits in households to treat solid waste from living activities, cultivation, and husbandry to improve the quality of water, soil and air environment.

6.2.5.2.2. Establish cooperatives, business households or other forms to carry out the collection of inorganic solid waste from villages and hamlets to centralized collection points and transport to the commune or commune cluster’s solid waste treatment area.

6.2.5.2.3. Collection points in villages and hamlets are arranged within a radius not greater than 100 m, then transported to transfer stations.

Regular solid waste landfill areas are planned with a land area standard of 0.3 ha to 0.5 ha/area. The distance from the landfill to the residential area at the end of the main wind direction must not be less than 1,000 m, other directions are 300 m. Around the landfill, there must be surrounding walls, water collection ditches, and green buffer trees.

6.2.5.2.4. Households with production organizations at the place of residence are responsible for sorting waste, collecting, transporting, and treating solid waste according to local government guidelines, not dumping waste on roads, rivers, streams, canals and surface water sources.

6.2.5.2.5. Waste in the form of packaging containing toxic chemicals or expired chemical products used in agricultural and forestry production must be stored in separate bags, collected, transported and treated separately.

6.2.5.2.6. Toilets in households and public toilets in schools, markets, medical stations, cultural houses must ensure hygienic conditions as per relevant regulations.

6.2.5.2.7. Households with large-scale livestock husbandry should use biogas digesters to use methane gas for lighting and cooking fuel.

6.2.5.3. Cemeteries

6.2.5.3.1. Each commune should only arrange one public cemetery with different burial forms. For communes with different needs according to each ethnicity and religion, separate burial areas should be arranged.

NOTE: For rural residential areas of 2-3 nearby communes (within a radius of 3 km), a common public cemetery should be planned for those communes.

6.2.5.3.2. Requirements for cemetery location planning must be suitable with the ability to exploit land funds; suitable with the organization of population distribution and connection of technical infrastructure works, meeting immediate and long-term needs.

6.2.5.3.3. The location for cemetery construction must be suitable with natural conditions such as: climate, topography, geology, hydrology, etc. Cemeteries must not be located in areas prone to natural disasters, inundation, or landslides. Particularly, inhumation cemeteries need to be in low-lying areas with high humidity.

6.2.5.3.4. The cemetery land area is determined based on:

• Natural mortality rate;
• Land construction area for a burial plot.

6.2.5.3.5. The maximum construction land area for each inhumation and one-time burial plot must not exceed 5 m². The maximum land use area for each cremation burial plot must not exceed 3 m². Ensure that the ratio of land use for burial does not exceed 35% and for green trees is not less than 50% of the total cemetery area.

NOTE: The above areas have included paths and distances between graves.

6.2.5.3.6. The division of functional zones, burial lots, grave groups, grave rows, and distances between graves must comply with regulations while being convenient for performing burial rites, refer to TCVN 7956:2008.

6.2.5.3.7. The technical infrastructure system; crematoriums, columbaria (if any), service works, and other related works must be planned and constructed synchronously, ensuring environmental sanitation.

6.2.5.3.8. Cemeteries need to be planned with roads, green trees planted around and within the cemetery, with appropriate fences. The main and branch roads in the cemetery must have surface water drainage ditches. Around the cemetery, there must be a surface water drainage system.

6.2.5.3.9. The minimum distance from the cemetery boundary to other works is specified in Table 3.

Table 3 – Minimum hygienic separation distance from cemeteries to other works

6.3. Requirements for rural construction planning in areas affected by natural disasters

6.3.1. General requirements

6.3.1.1. When planning rural construction in areas affected by natural disasters, in addition to meeting the provisions in 5.1; 5.2; 6.1 and 6.2, it is also necessary to comply with the provisions in 6.3 of this standard. Natural disaster prevention and control solutions must be suitable with the regional or provincial, district natural disaster prevention and control planning.

NOTE: Common natural disaster impacts include storms, floods, inundation, flash floods, mudslides, landslides, earthquakes, etc.

6.3.1.2. In areas affected by natural disasters, emergency evacuation points must be arranged. Public works such as agency headquarters, medical stations, schools, etc. are built solidly, over 2 floors to serve as places to avoid storms, floods, inundation. The ground elevation is higher than the largest annual flood water level (max).

6.3.1.3. Natural disaster prevention and control planning needs to develop a forecasting information network in localities.

6.3.1.4. It is not allowed to plan and arrange residential areas in areas that have been warned and have a high risk of being affected by natural disasters: flash floods, mudslides, landslides, etc.

6.3.1.5. For existing residential areas, there must be measures to protect and divert flood flows out of the area or relocate people when necessary.

6.3.1.6. Natural condition data of localities can refer to relevant regulations [16].

6.3.2. Requirements for areas affected by flash floods, landslides, whirlwinds and hurricanes

6.3.2.1. Residential areas must not be built within the affected corridor of flash floods and construction-prohibited areas according to relevant regulations.

6.3.2.2. Determine and place markers for the flood drainage scope on both sides of rivers and streams, in low-lying areas to serve the locality’s flood prevention, control and avoidance planning.

6.3.2.3. It is necessary to carry out adjusted planning and rearrangement of residential areas. Under no circumstances should houses and works be built within the flood drainage scope to avoid their destruction. There must be measures to reinforce slopes and fill ravines.

6.3.2.4. It is necessary to calculate the ability to drain and discharge rainwater and groundwater flowing out of mountain ravines; water flowing down from hilltops and mountains.

6.3.2.5. Flood prevention planning needs to be combined with the river system, irrigation system, afforestation, in combination with river rehabilitation solutions, embankment and dam repair, and high banks. The ground elevation is 0.5 m to 0.7 m above the highest flood water level. It is necessary to concentrate on land areas, mounds, high hills, canal banks, traffic roads, etc. to save on filling volume, but must ensure that floods do not cause erosion or washing away, etc.

6.3.2.6. There are appropriate flood drainage solutions when there are storms: regulating lakes, removing obstacles, dredging the system of lakes, ponds, rivers, canals, swamps, and lagoons. The drainage system is designed to flow into rivers, lakes (if any) or irrigation canals.

6.3.2.7. For areas affected by inundation due to infield waterlogging caused by heavy rain, flooding outside rivers, dike breaches, surges, storms, etc., it is necessary to ensure the following requirements:

• Areas with protective dikes:

+ Elevate the ground with the controlled construction elevation equal to the largest infield inundation level plus 0.5 m;

+ Build a drainage system combined with irrigation and drainage.

• Areas without a protective dike system: should build a dike enclosure system or ground elevation, a drainage canal system, regulating lakes, and drainage pumping stations.

6.3.2.8. The dike routes enclosing and protecting residential areas must have absolutely safe forms and structures.

6.3.2.9. For coastal areas affected by tides, sea level rise due to storms, large waves, it must be ensured that the works can withstand floods when the tidal water level has a frequency of P = 5%. Apply disaster mitigation solutions such as building flood diversion roads, dikes, small flood prevention dikes, sea dikes for communes flooded by the sea, etc.

6.3.2.10. When designing sea dike and river dike systems; flood drainage systems, permanent works must consider oceanographic characteristics such as tides, surges, waves, winds, storms.

6.3.2.11. For areas with land erosion, there must be solutions to reinforce riverbanks, plant trees, etc. to avoid land erosion on both sides of the river.

6.3.2.12. For areas with hurricanes, the construction location must be chosen in places sheltered from the wind, avoiding the prevailing wind direction. Take advantage of hilly and mound terrains to limit the impact of hurricanes.

6.3.2.13. Houses should be built in clusters and staggered to limit wind impact. The house layout must be simple, avoiding U-shaped, L-shaped or T-shaped layouts. The length should not be greater than 2.5 times the width.

6.3.2.14. The roof and walls of the house must be able to withstand the impact of wind and must be reinforced with anchoring measures, bracing into the roof structure or frame and load-bearing floor.

6.3.2.15. The house must have a structure that creates rigidity and torsional resistance for the house. Each house must have a backup clean water tank and a high-placed toilet for use during and after floods.

6.3.2.16. Public works such as schools, commune People’s Committee headquarters, warehouses, and medical stations must be located outside the flood drainage route and 1.0 m above the highest flood water level to serve as a flood shelter.

6.3.3. Requirements for areas affected by earthquakes

6.3.3.1. Planning in earthquake zones needs to assess construction land, the importance level of works, and have relocation measures when earthquakes occur. It is strictly forbidden to build works with high population concentration in areas with a high risk of danger.

6.3.3.2. Construction works must comply with relevant current standards to be designed in accordance with the earthquake level in each locality.

6.3.3.3. Planning areas located in earthquake zones need to arrange evacuation grounds for people with a distance not greater than 500 m from the residential area or the commune center, with an area standard of 3 m²/person.

6.3.3.4. Important works such as transportation, communication, water supply, power supply, warehouses containing flammable, explosive, or toxic leaks need reinforcement measures, prevention and relocation when necessary.

6.3.4. Requirements for areas affected by inundation in the Mekong Delta

6.3.4.1. Form agricultural, non-agricultural, trade and service residential points, farms according to the residential patterns of deeply flooded areas; moderately and shallowly flooded areas; garden villages and residential areas distributed along canals, road traffic axes and concentrated cluster residential models.

6.3.4.2. For communes affected by inundation, it is necessary to plan residential areas into concentrated residential points on high ground.

6.3.4.3. In concentrated residential points or residential routes, implement the ground elevation solution by digging ponds and lakes to take soil for cluster ground elevation; digging canals to take soil for ground elevation along the canal banks, building embankments surrounding residential areas or building houses on stilts. The construction of pond banks in residential areas must comply with the regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development to avoid raising the controlled water level and ensure quick drainage.

6.3.4.4. Maximally take advantage of the natural terrain and calculate the tidal peak higher than the highest tidal peak.

6.3.4.5. Houses should follow rivers, canals, ditches, and main traffic roads. The favorable orientation is facing canals, ditches, and traffic roads, with a back road and ensuring linkage with houses in the hamlet. Arrange boat wharves to houses to ensure daily activities and not obstruct traffic on canals and ditches.

6.3.4.6. For shallowly flooded areas, the solution of local ground elevation combined with a mezzanine floor or overall ground elevation higher than the flood water level should be applied. Ground elevation must ensure quick drainage and not cause erosion of road foundations and work foundations, maximally taking advantage of the natural terrain, minimizing leveling volume.

6.3.4.7. The foundation of works must be higher than the largest (max) regularly occurring flood water level, especially for warehouse works (especially warehouses storing chemical fertilizers, pesticides, seed grains), schools, kindergartens, medical stations, etc.

6.3.4.8. For deeply flooded areas, choose the solution of building flood-resistant house types, stilt houses, houses on stilts combined with ground elevation solutions. When building stilt houses or flood-resistant houses, the floor height from the foundation elevation must not be less than 1.5 m.

6.3.4.9. Rural construction planning in flood and inundation areas must be combined with the river and lake system, drainage system, irrigation system for flood drainage.

6.3.4.10. Take advantage of canals as the traffic system.

6.3.4.11. Select plants suitable for flood areas to protect the soil and prevent erosion.

6.3.4.12. There must be emergency evacuation points and public works serving as storm and flood shelters. The foundation elevation needs to be at least 0.3 m higher than the largest (max) annual calculated water level.

6.3.5. Requirements for areas affected by drought and saltwater intrusion

6.3.5.1. There need to be solutions to plan grazing grounds, afforestation, develop medium and small-scale irrigation systems, use water retention materials and use water sources effectively.

6.3.5.2. Reasonable land use planning according to the seasonal production structure, suitable aquaculture according to each ecological region. Do not plan residential areas near the coast or river mouths.

6.3.5.3. Select the solution of building sea dikes, enclosing dikes combined with a system of sluices and pumping stations in coastal areas to avoid inundation; build freshwater reservoirs. Irrigation and drainage works must meet the requirements of irrigation and drainage, serving production and people’s livelihood, and be solidified.

7. Requirements for planning the renovation construction of rural residential networks and existing rural residential areas

7.1. Planning the renovation construction of existing residential area networks

7.1.1. When planning the renovation of rural residential area networks, it is necessary to base on the results of assessing natural conditions; socio-economic conditions; the current situation of land use; technical infrastructure and environment, management of construction planning and impact factors such as socio-economic development strategies; changes in geographical and natural conditions within the administrative boundaries of the commune.

7.1.2. For communes that already have an approved rural construction plan but have not yet met the criteria for new rural areas, it is necessary to organize the adjustment of the rural construction plan accordingly.

7.1.3. The implementation of adjusting the rural residential area network construction planning must ensure inheritance, only adjusting the contents that need to be changed.

7.1.4. The content of planning the renovation construction of rural residential area networks needs to focus on the adjusted contents. Clearly identify the renovation and embellishment requirements to propose adjustments to land use norms, spatial organization solutions for each area, solutions to renovate technical infrastructure works and public service works in accordance with the capacity, resources and development requirements.

7.1.5. For communes with requirements for planning cultural and historical preservation, it is necessary to respect the historical authenticity of the structure, space and architectural form on the basis of applying science and technology. The selection of works that need preservation, preservation content, preservation scope, land location must ensure sustainable development requirements.

7.2. Planning the renovation construction of existing rural residential areas

7.2.1. When renovating and embellishing existing residential areas, it is necessary to assess the current situation of land use planning of residential areas, commune centers, areas for construction of production and production-supporting works, technical infrastructure systems and areas for other purposes (defense, tourism, historical relics, etc.). Areas (by function) that have been stably used, in accordance with the plan should be retained; areas that have been stable but need to be embellished and renovated. Areas of land that are no longer suitable must have their use purpose changed.

7.2.2. Propose solutions to improve the living conditions of people in old residential areas such as reorganizing functional spaces, upgrading the traffic network and technical infrastructure facilities.

7.2.3. Review the distribution of population according to the plans that have been and are being implemented. Depending on the potential and strengths of economic development of each locality, clearly identify the model of agricultural communes, non-agricultural communes, communes with traditional crafts, communes with tourism services, and commerce.

7.2.4. The requirements for renovation, embellishment, and expansion of residential areas must meet the criteria on population size, ecological landscape, environment, and boundary scope.

7.2.5. It is necessary to propose new residential area planning in line with future development orientations or resettlement needs when there are requirements to change the land use function for residential areas in regions frequently affected by natural disasters, forced to relocate.

7.2.6. There are solutions to renovate or build new houses for households with an area of less than 14 m²/person and temporary houses, dilapidated houses with a lifespan of less than 20 years. Renovated and upgraded houses are suitable with traditional rural houses of each region.

7.2.7. For the commune center area, it is necessary to reorganize or adjust the network of public works, technical infrastructure works or upgrade and renovate to suit the function and ensure service amenities. Works that are still suitable are proposed for development and expansion; works that are less or no longer suitable are adjusted or relocated. When conditions permit, the density of green trees should be increased in areas with high construction density.

7.2.8. The expansion of the commune center or concentrated rural residential points must be in line with the population size and development capacity and resources in each stage.

7.2.9. It is necessary to convert small scattered cultivated land plots interspersed with residential land to have conditions to complete the social infrastructure system and upgrade the technical infrastructure system.

7.2.10. Protect and embellish ranked cultural and historical heritages, architectural works, and landscapes of value. Works that are renovated, upgraded or demolished for rebuilding, or added must be suitable with the historical value, architectural value and quality of existing works.

7.2.11. Organize and adjust the traffic network on the basis of inheriting and developing the existing road network. Renovate and expand dead-end roads, alleys or open new roads to meet the requirements of travel, living, production and access to the commune center. Upgrade and renovate road surface structures in accordance with the specific conditions of each commune, ensuring safety and environmental sanitation.

NOTE: The commonly used types of pavement structures are cement concrete, cement mortar crushed stone or graded crushed stone, cement-mixed sand and gravel, broken bricks, blast furnace slag, etc.

7.2.12. Improve or supplement technical infrastructure works such as power substations, centralized water supply stations for concentrated residential areas and commune centers.

7.2.13. Renovate or build new hygienic toilets (toilets with septic tanks, two-compartment on-site composting toilets or hygienic infiltration toilets).

7.2.14. Build a drainage culvert or ditch system with slabs following the natural terrain for combined drainage. Expand lakes, ponds, lagoons, canals, and ditches for drainage, anti-inundation, and natural wastewater treatment.

7.2.15. There are solutions to collect and treat wastewater from production facilities and craft villages before discharging into the common drainage system.

7.2.16. Organize the collection, classification and landfilling of inorganic solid waste from households and production facilities, small-scale industry, animal husbandry, and aquaculture. It is not allowed to directly discharge manure into lakes, ponds, and grass pits.

7.2.17. There are solutions to relocate livestock and poultry pens, production and production-supporting works, toxic and polluting industrial establishments into centralized animal husbandry zones, industrial clusters, and small-scale industry zones.

7.2.18. Organize the arrangement of waste collection points in each village and waste transfer stations for each commune or commune cluster.

7.2.19. Do not build new cemeteries in existing residential areas. For existing public cemeteries, it is necessary to renovate the roads and surface water drainage system around the cemetery. Plant green trees and have a tree fence surrounding the cemetery area.

Appendix A (for reference) Land area standards for some production-supporting works and livestock farms

A.1. Construction land area for some production-supporting works:

• Harvesting yard: from 35 m²/ha of cultivation to 45 m²/ha of cultivation;
• Rice warehouse: from 2.0 m²/ton of rice to 3.0 m²/ton of rice;
• Rice seed warehouse: from 1.0 m²/ha to 1.5 m²/ha;
• Chemical fertilizer warehouse: from 0.5 m²/ha of cultivation to 1.0 m²/ha of cultivation;
• Compost house: from 0.2 m²/ton of compost to 3.0 m²/ton of compost;
• Grinding and mixing workshop: from 400 m² to 500 m²;
• Commune veterinary station: from 400 m² to 500 m²;
• Rice milling station: 250 m²/station to 350 m²/station (including the construction land area for the rice mill house, operator area, rice storage place, milling area, rice weighing area, service yard).

A.2. Construction area standards for some concentrated livestock and poultry farms

Table A.1 – Area standards for pig farms

Table A.2 – Area standards for chicken farms

Table A.3 – Area standards for duck, muscovy duck, goose farms

A.3. Construction area standards for some production facilities:

• Brick and tile production facility: from 550 m²/1,000 pieces/year to 650 m²/1,000 pieces/year.

NOTE: The above area includes the land area for raw material storage, fuel storage, soaking and forming storage, kiln yard, internal roads, sheds, places for making bricks and tiles, places for stacking finished products.

• Lime production facility: from 0.5 m²/ton/year to 0.7 m²/ton/year.

NOTE: The above area includes the construction land area for kilns, fuel warehouses, raw material yards, internal roads, sheds, finished product warehouses.

• Forging, carpentry, small mechanical repair, agricultural tool repair workshop: 700 m² to 1,000 m².

NOTE: The above construction area includes the construction land area for forging, carpentry, cold working, mechanical sections, raw material yards, machinery needing repair, outdoor work yards.

Appendix B (for reference) Residential land area and architectural forms of houses by region

B.1. For the Northern Midlands and Mountains region

• Residential plot area: 200 m²/household – 500 m²/household; ethnic minority areas: 500 m²/household.
• Types of main houses: stilt houses; ground-level houses; half-stilt, half-ground-level houses, garden houses (for areas developing commercial services, small-scale industry).

B.2. For the Red River Delta region

• Residential plot area for agricultural production households: from 200 m²/household to 250 m²/household; commercial service business households: from 100 m²/household to 150 m²/household. Residential premises with an area larger than 700 m² are recommended for garden economy development.
• Maximum construction density in villages is 60%;
• Rural houses under 3 floors:

+ Main house: has 3 to 5 bays, 1 to 2 floors, has a large common living space, the entrance should face South or Southeast.

+ Auxiliary house: for storing rice, agricultural tools and agricultural production and side-job tools.

+ Production space: should be arranged on the 1st floor for two-story houses or arranged in a separate space for single-story houses.

+ The yard should be arranged in front of the main house as a place for daily activities.

+ Auxiliary area: Kitchen, livestock, and sanitation areas are separated from the main house. The kitchen can be arranged adjacent to the main house and attached to the livestock and sanitation areas.

B.3. For the Central region (North Central and South Central Coast)

• Residential plot area: from 150 m²/household to 200 m²/household; for salt-producing households: 150 m²/household;
• Maximum construction density 60% and maximum height 3 floors;
• Traditional and improved rural houses:

+ The main house should be arranged facing the cool wind direction (South to East) and must be at least 2 m away from the auxiliary house;

+ The main house roof should have a large slope and the eaves should be gentler.

+ The auxiliary house should be arranged behind or perpendicular to the main house.

+ The backyard needs to have a large area to create a spacious space.

+ Many fruit trees should be planted around the house to block hurricane winds and limit the Lao wind.

+ For houses on mountain slopes, in valleys, and in flood-prone areas, lightweight and easy-to-dismantle materials should be used for convenient relocation during storms and floods.

B.4. For the Central Highlands region

• Residential plot area: from 300 m²/household to 500 m²/household; in low population density areas, arrange residential premises from 1,000 m² to 2,000 m²/household (including garden land), at the commune center area:
• Construction density: from 20% to 35%;
• The main types of houses are stilt houses and ground-level houses;
• Houses are built with 2 floors, in the form of garden houses. Limit and do not develop new farms attached to the residential function;
• For ethnic villages (J’Rai, Ê Đê, BaNar, Xơ Đăng, M’Nông, Cơ Ho, Mạ, Giẻ Triêng), preserve and develop on the existing traditional space. Strengthen technical infrastructure conditions. Arrange kindergartens for villages outside the traditional spatial structure area.
• For the population in border areas:

+ Commune center area: residential plot area: 400 m²/household, maximum construction density 40%;

+ Other areas: residential plot area: 1,000 m²/household, maximum construction density 20%;

+ A layer of houses combined with concentration points at intersections of border gates (intersections of roads leading to the border and roads within the commune).

B.5. For the Southeast region

• Residential plot area: from 150 m²/household to 200 m²/household (for non-agricultural households); from 500 m²/household to 1000 m²/household (for areas developing agricultural economy – services); 100 m²/household – 150 m²/household (center area combined with services); from 800 to 1,000 m²/household (agricultural households); from 120 m²/household to 250 m²/household (commercial service households along main traffic axes); agricultural households with combined fruit tree gardens have an area from 500 m² to 1,500 m²;
• Maximum construction density: 70%, average height 3 floors;
• House types: traditional rural houses, garden houses, and townhouses.

B.5. For the Mekong Delta region

• Residential plot area: from 300 m²/household to 400 m²/household (for agricultural households), 150 m²/household (for commercial service households);
• For flood-prone areas: 150 m²/household (for agricultural households), 70 m²/household (for commercial service households);
• For garden residential areas, the residential premises of purely agricultural households have an area of 1,000 m² to 1,500 m²;
• For residential areas of the Khmer ethnic group, develop into concentrated points clustered according to phums and sócs with the center being the Khmer pagoda.
• The main types of houses are flood-resistant houses, stilt houses, floating houses, houses on stilts, and ground-elevated houses. Newly planned areas should be built according to the garden house model.

Appendix C (for reference) Water consumption standards for some production sectors

C.1. The water supply standards for poultry – livestock farms and stations per head per day are specified in Table C.1.

Table C.1 – Water supply standards for livestock and poultry farms and stations

C.2. The water supply standards for small-scale industry production facilities, agricultural product processing, small mechanical repair, etc. are taken according to the requirements of each facility as specified in Table C.2.

Table C.2 – Water supply standards for production facilities

REFERENCE DOCUMENT DIRECTORY

[1] QCVN 14:2009/BXD, National technical regulation – Rural construction planning.

[2] Circular 13/2011/TTLT-BXD-BNNPTNT-BTN&MT dated October 28, 2011, Regulating the formulation, appraisal and approval of new rural commune planning.

[3] Circular 07/2010/TT-BNNPTNT dated February 8, 2010, Guiding the planning of commune-level agricultural production development according to the national set of criteria on new rural areas.

[4] QCVN 02:2009/BYT, National technical regulation on domestic water.

[5] Decision No. 1329/2002/BYT/QĐ dated April 18, 2002 of the Minister of Health, Hygienic standard for drinking water.

[6] QĐKT. ĐNT-2006, Technical regulations for rural electricity.

[7] QCVN 07:2010/BXD, National technical regulation on urban technical infrastructure works.

[8] Decision No. 23/2012/QĐ-TTg on regulating the standards and norms for using the working office of state agencies at the commune and ward level.

[9] QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, National technical regulation on surface water quality.

[10] QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT, National technical regulation on groundwater quality.

[11] QĐKT-ĐNT-2006, Technical regulations for rural electricity.

[12] QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, National technical regulation on domestic wastewater.

[13] QCVN 11:2008/BTNMT, National technical regulation on seafood processing industrial wastewater.

[14] QCVN 12:2008/BTNMT, National technical regulation on paper and pulp industrial wastewater.

[15] QCVN 13:2008/BTNMT, National technical regulation on textile industrial wastewater.

[16] QCVN 02:2008/BXD, Vietnam Construction Code – Natural condition data used in construction – Part 1.