Foreword

TCVN 4087 : 2012 replaces TCVN 4087 : 1985

TCVN 4087 : 2012 was converted from TCVN 4087 : 1985 in accordance with Clause 1, Article 69 of the Law on Standards and Technical Regulations and Point b, Clause 1, Article 6 of the Government’s Decree No. 127/2007/ND-CP dated August 1, 2007 detailing the implementation of some articles of the Law on Standards and Technical Regulations.

TCVN 4087 : 2012 was compiled by the Institute of Architecture, Urban and Rural Planning – Ministry of Construction, proposed by the Ministry of Construction, appraised by the Directorate for Standards, Metrology and Quality, and announced by the Ministry of Science and Technology.

1. Scope

This standard specifies general requirements for the usage of construction machinery (hereinafter referred to as machinery) in construction organizations (hereinafter referred to as units).

2. Referenced documents

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

TCVN 4517, Maintenance and repair system for construction machinery – Regulations on acceptance and delivery of construction machinery in major repairs – General requirements.

TCVN 4204, Maintenance and repair system for construction machinery – Organization of technical maintenance and repair of construction machinery.

3. General provisions

Units owning machinery and units leasing machinery must ensure the effective use of machinery in accordance with its intended purpose at the least cost in terms of labor, fuel, electricity, spare parts, hydraulic oil, lubricants and other materials by applying advanced measures in technical maintenance, repair, transportation and storage of machinery.

Units must ensure the safety of workers in the use of machinery and have the responsibility to protect the environment.

When using machinery, units must comply with the provisions of this standard and relevant technical normative documents.

Units owning machinery must have facilities to support the usage of machinery. The components and technical equipment of the service facilities must correspond to the quantity and structure of the machinery fleet, taking into account the cooperation with repair units and machinery service facilities of other units.

To ensure the quality of construction work, units must organize and apply a quality management system for the usage of machinery. This system must be integrated with the quality management system for imported and domestically manufactured machinery as well as the quality management system of repair units and the quality management system for construction work.

4. Acceptance, handover and commissioning of machinery

Only machinery that has been accepted by the unit and included in the list of fixed assets shall be put into use.

The acceptance of machinery must be based on the results of assessing the synchronicity, technical condition and level of safety assurance of the machinery in use.

Machinery with special safety requirements such as lifting machinery and equipment, pressure machinery and equipment, and machinery constructed on an automobile basis, etc., must be registered with the state inspection agency before being put into use.

The synchronicity and technical condition of the machinery must be assessed by the Acceptance Council of the unit, compared with the manufacturer’s usage instructions (hereinafter referred to as the usage instructions).

Machinery after major repairs shall be accepted in accordance with the provisions of TCVN 4517 and relevant technical normative documents.

NOTE: The service facility for machinery usage is a system of buildings and structures, equipment used for technical maintenance, repair, storage, transportation of machinery, preparation for putting machinery into operation, refueling, lubricating and hydraulic oil supply, etc.

For machinery that has been accepted, the unit must issue a decision to assign the machinery to the production unit and a decision on the certified and technically qualified operators for that type of machinery.

Documents such as acceptance and handover reports, machinery assignment decisions, and operator assignment decisions must be kept in the machinery usage records and some main issues must be recorded in the machinery logbook.

Machinery that has been received by the unit must be clearly marked with the unit’s assigned number and symbol. If the machinery is subject to state inspection, a registration plate must be attached in accordance with the regulations of the state inspection agency.

For machinery that has been received by the unit, unpacking and installation must comply with the provisions of the usage instructions.

For new machinery and machinery after major repairs, before use, a trial run must be performed in accordance with the provisions of the usage instructions. The data on the trial run must be recorded in the machinery logbook.

5. Putting machinery into operation

Only machinery that can ensure the economic – technical indicators and production safety as prescribed in the usage instructions shall be put into operation.

The assessment of the technical condition to allow machinery to be put into operation must be carried out daily before work with the contents and sequence as prescribed in the usage instructions.

The sequence of checking the technical condition of machinery must comply with relevant specialized technical regulations.

Lifting machinery and equipment, pressure machinery and equipment, and machinery constructed on an automobile basis shall only be put into operation if their technical condition complies with the provisions in 5.1 of this standard and relevant regulations.

When the unit puts machinery into operation, it must be based on the annual, quarterly, and monthly machinery usage plan; in which the allocation of machinery to construction works is forecasted according to the work volume calculated in product units or according to the working time of the machinery.

For machinery subject to state statistical reporting, the planned volume of the machinery must be determined based on the annual usage regime of the machinery in terms of time and productivity, taking into account specific construction conditions and applying advanced usage experiences.

Machinery shall only be assigned to construction sites and put into operation when the construction design has been prepared in accordance with relevant regulations.

The replacement of working equipment of machinery during use, the disassembly and assembly of machinery due to transportation requirements must comply with the provisions of the usage instructions.

The installation and use of the travel rails of tower cranes must comply with the regulations on installation, use and travel on rails of tower cranes.

For machinery moving on pneumatic tires, tires must be used in accordance with regulations on types of construction machinery.

When operating lifting machinery and equipment, in addition to the provisions in Article 3 of this standard, it is necessary to comply with the safety regulations for lifting machinery and equipment.

When operating pressure machinery and equipment, it is necessary to comply with the safety regulations for pressure vessels.

The management and dispatching of vehicles and machinery in use must be performed by the dispatching department of the unit. The department shall be organized and operate in accordance with the regulations on organization, management, and dispatching in construction production.

Construction using machinery must be carried out in accordance with current regulations on safety in construction.

Only persons with a certificate of machinery operation issued by competent authorities are allowed to operate machinery.

Operators of machinery constructed on an automobile basis must have a driving license issued by a competent authority in addition to the certificate of machinery operation.

Operators of lifting machinery and equipment, lifting machinery, pressure machinery and equipment must have a certificate of understanding the safety regulations in the use of each type of machinery in addition to the certificate of machinery operation.

When switching to operating a new type of machinery, the operator must learn about the structural features of the new machinery, the principles of operation, usage, safety techniques and must undergo practical training. The level of ability to operate the new type of machinery of each person shall be assessed and certified by the unit on the basis of regulations on technical grades of operators of new machinery.

6. Machinery transportation

To transport machinery from one construction site to another, or to a repair, maintenance, or storage location, the unit must prepare a monthly machinery transportation plan based on the monthly machinery usage plan. The plan must clearly state the name and registration number of the machinery to be transported, the time, distance, and type of transportation means.

Machinery transportation outside of the plan is allowed in the following cases: handling emergencies, replacing machinery that has lost its working capacity, replacing machinery when changing the construction design. All actual developments of machinery transportation and actual transportation time compared to the plan must be closely monitored and fully recorded in the transportation logbook.

When transporting by self-propulsion, towing with other vehicles, or placing on transportation means on streets, densely populated areas, and on national highways, it is necessary to comply with the regulations issued by the Ministry of Transport.

The transportation of machinery by rail and waterways must comply with the regulations on transportation on those routes as prescribed by the Ministry of Transport.

When preparing for transportation, loading and unloading machinery onto and from transportation means, and transporting on the road, it is necessary to comply with the usage instructions. In case of necessity, the unit must prepare a machinery transportation plan.

7. Technical maintenance and repair of machinery

To ensure good working capacity throughout the usage period, units must perform technical maintenance and repair of machinery according to TCVN 4204.

The unit must establish and implement an annual plan and a monthly schedule for periodic maintenance and regular repairs as prescribed in TCVN 4204.

When preparing the monthly schedule, there must be an agreement with the unit currently using the machinery on the construction site.

The monthly schedule may be changed in special cases, but there must be an agreement with the unit currently using the machinery on the construction site.

Machinery that has not undergone periodic technical maintenance and regular repairs within the prescribed time shall not be allowed to be put into operation.

The contents of periodic technical maintenance and regular repairs must comply with the provisions of the usage instructions. Depending on the conditions of machinery usage, it is allowed to deviate the periodic technical maintenance cycle by +10%; regular repairs by +5%, except in cases where it is not allowed to be put into operation.

The location for technical maintenance and regular repairs shall be selected by the unit on the basis of ensuring quality and prescribed time with the least cost.

Technical maintenance and repair of machinery must be performed by specialized units or by manufacturers.

Major repairs of machinery and its components must be carried out centrally in specialized repair units with adequate facilities and equipment, meeting the repair requirements as prescribed by the manufacturer. The contents of major repairs must comply with the regulations and accompanying technical norms.

Putting machinery into major repairs and accepting machinery after major repairs must comply with the provisions of TCVN 4517.

The sequence of assessing the quality of machinery after major repairs must comply with the regulations on the sequence of assessing the quality of construction machinery after major repairs.

The recovery of oil discharged during maintenance and repair must comply with the regulations on the recovery of waste oil during technical maintenance and maintenance of construction machinery.

All machinery of the unit must undergo technical inspection by the unit’s Technical Council twice a year. The sequence and time for conducting machinery technical inspection shall be prescribed by the Ministries and Sectors.

Machinery that has not passed technical inspection and machinery with unsatisfactory technical conditions shall not be allowed to be put into operation.

Before bringing machinery to the state inspection agency for inspection as prescribed, the unit must conduct a technical inspection of the machinery. Technical inspection data must be recorded in the machinery logbook.

8. Machinery storage

The storage of machinery during non-working periods must comply with the provisions of this standard and other relevant regulations.

Machinery that is capable of working but does not have a plan for continuous use for 10 days or more must be put into short-term storage; if it is more than 2 months, it must be put into long-term storage.

Short-term storage must be carried out immediately after the machinery stops working.

Long-term storage must be carried out no later than 10 days from the time the machinery stops working.

The preparation and putting of machinery into long-term storage must comply with the provisions of the usage instructions.

The location and conditions for storing each type of machinery must comply with the provisions of the usage instructions.

The storage of assemblies and parts removed from machinery must comply with current regulations.

When receiving machinery into storage and releasing machinery from the storage location, a handover record must be made according to the prescribed form in relevant current standards.

The statistics of machinery in storage must have a separate number, which must include the name of the machinery, registration number, synchronicity of the machinery, date of storage entry and end.

Comments during the machinery storage period must be recorded in the machinery logbook.

Technical maintenance of machinery in long-term storage must comply with the provisions of the usage instructions.

Machinery awaiting major repairs must be stored in accordance with the provisions of this standard and TCVN 4517.

The technical condition of machinery in short-term storage must be inspected at least once a month; in long-term storage, at least once a quarter. The contents of inspecting the technical condition of machinery in storage shall be prescribed by the Ministries and Sectors.

9. Machinery liquidation

When the machinery has reached the end of its prescribed service life or when a special incident occurs, the unit must review and assess to decide on the liquidation of the machinery. The consideration to decide on the liquidation of machinery must include the results of assessing the technical condition by the Machinery Liquidation Council.

The procedures for machinery liquidation shall be prescribed by the Ministry of Finance and the governing Ministries.

While awaiting the liquidation decision, the technical condition of the machinery must be maintained. It is strictly forbidden to disassemble assemblies and parts for other purposes.

When carrying out the procedures to request machinery liquidation, the unit must make an inventory of the assemblies and parts that can still be used. When there is a liquidation decision, those assemblies and parts must be recovered and put into storage for preservation and use like other spare parts.

10. Statistics on machinery usage

For each type of machinery, it is necessary to keep statistics on the volume of work performed by the machinery, working time, actual productivity per machine-hour, technical maintenance measures, and machinery repairs.

The statistics of the actual working time of machinery must be based on the hour meter or kilometer meter installed in the machinery’s cabin.

For machinery without a meter or with a broken meter, the actual working time of the machinery is determined according to the statistics on the usage of time per shift, adjusted by the utilization factor of time per shift.

The statistics of the volume of work performed by machinery (according to the form prescribed by the General Statistics Office) must include the data recorded in the machinery’s daily log and in the shift report on the machinery’s work according to a unified form.

The data in the machinery’s work statistics form must be used to make statistical reports. The report form shall be prescribed by the General Statistics Office. The indicators of the actual working time of machinery per month must be recorded in the machinery logbook.

The data on technical maintenance and repairs according to the preventive plan for each machinery shall be recorded in the statistics form on technical maintenance and machinery repairs according to the preventive plan; while unexpected technical maintenance and repairs shall be recorded in the statistics form on unexpected technical maintenance and repairs. The formats of these statistics forms must comply with the provisions of TCVN 4204.

The data recorded in the statistics form on the repair measures implemented monthly must be recorded in the machinery logbook.

In addition to the regulations on forms and statistical reports of the General Statistics Office, Ministries, Sectors, and units are allowed to have their own regulations, not contrary to this standard, to serve the management and usage of machinery of their Ministries and units.

Machinery maintenance and repair facilities are not allowed to discharge contaminated oils, harmful liquids into the soil and water sources, adversely affecting the surrounding environment.