TCVN 4055:2012 CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATION

Foreword

TCVN 4055:2012 replaces TCVN 4055:1985

TCVN 4055:2012 was prepared by the Institute of Construction Science and Technology, proposed by the Ministry of Construction, appraised by the General Department of Standards, Metrology and Quality, and promulgated by the Ministry of Science and Technology.

1. Scope

This standard is applied to the organization of construction and installation of construction works.

2. Normative references

The following documents are essential for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the cited edition applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

TCVN 4087:1985, Utilization of construction machinery – General requirements.

TCVN 4252:1988, Process of establishing construction organization design and construction design. Construction and acceptance regulations.

3. General provisions

3.1. The organization of construction and installation work includes: construction preparation, organization of materials – technical supply and construction mechanized transportation, labor organization, operational planning, production coordination, and organization of construction quality inspection.

3.2. Construction and installation work must be organized in a focused manner and create all conditions to quickly put the entire project (or a part or item of the project) into use and soon achieve the design capacity.

3.3. All construction and installation work, including special construction and installation work and machinery and equipment adjustment and testing work, must be carried out in accordance with the processes, regulations, standards, economic-technical norms of construction and the relevant current regimes and regulations of the State. Particular attention must be paid to measures for labor protection, fire and explosion prevention, and environmental protection.

3.4. When constructing construction works, it must be based on the approved construction drawing design documents. Design changes during construction must be approved by the investor, the design consultancy unit, and must comply with the provisions of the Regulation on the establishment, appraisal, and approval of designs and cost estimates of construction works.

3.5. Construction and installation work is a job that needs to be done continuously all year round. For each type of work, it is necessary to calculate and arrange construction during the most favorable time depending on the natural and climatic conditions of the territory with the construction works.

3.6. When making a construction plan, it is necessary to calculate to arrange adequate and stable work for the construction units in each construction phase. At the same time, it is necessary to arrange construction synchronously to hand over the works in a complete manner and put them into use soon.

3.7. For construction works using the assembly method, it should be assigned to specialized organizations. These organizations need to undertake the production and supply of their products to the construction site and install the components and details that have been produced into the works themselves.

3.8. For concrete mixtures, masonry, plastering and other types of mortars, centralized production should be organized in specialized fixed stations or mobile stations.

3.9. When constructing construction works, all conditions must be created to assemble structures according to the large-block combination method in accordance with the construction technology line. It is necessary to organize assembly sites to combine blocks before bringing structures and equipment to be officially assembled into the works.

3.10. Loads acting on the structure of the works (loads arising during the construction and installation process) must comply with the provisions in the construction drawing design documents or in the construction organization design and be mentioned in the construction organization measures.

3.11. In the organization and direction of construction and installation, for key projects and projects that are about to be handed over for production or use, it is necessary to concentrate materials – technical resources and labor to promote the construction progress, and must combine interleaved construction to the maximum extent between construction and installation and other special construction and installation works. It is necessary to organize many shifts in the parts of the works where the progress of implementation has a decisive influence on the time of putting the works into acceptance, handover, and use.

3.12. All construction works before starting construction and installation must have an approved construction organization design (abbreviated as construction organization design) and design of construction measures for approved construction and installation works.

The content, sequence and approval of construction organization design and construction method design are specified in the current regulations.

3.13. The solutions proposed in the construction organization design and construction method design must be reasonable. The criterion for evaluating a reasonable solution is to ensure quality, quantity, progress, labor safety and environmental safety.

3.14. Construction and installation work must be carried out according to the contracting method. The contracting and bidding regime for construction and installation is specified in the Circulars and Decrees still in force, in the construction and installation contracting regulations promulgated together with the documents on improving the State’s construction management.

3.15. Cooperation in construction and installation must be carried out on the basis of direct contracts between the main contractor and subcontractors, as well as between this organization and production units and transportation of construction structures, materials and equipment for construction works.

3.16. During the construction and installation process, construction units are not allowed to arbitrarily discharge wastewater and other wastes that damage agricultural land, other cultivated land and adjacent works. Waste must be gathered to permitted places and approved by governing units there.

All measures must be taken to limit noise, vibration, dust and toxic exhaust gases emitted into the air. There must be measures to protect green trees. Trees and dust can only be cut on the construction site within the limits specified in the design. During construction, on the borrowed land for construction, the fertile soil layer should be retained for later use in restoring the land.

3.17. When constructing in urban areas, it is necessary to agree with the traffic management agencies on the traffic of means of transport and ensure the safety of entrances and exits of houses and operating agencies.

3.18. When constructing in areas with operating underground technical systems (electric cable lines, communication cable lines, water pipelines, etc.), construction units are only allowed to excavate when they have a permit from the management agencies of those technical systems. The boundaries and centerlines of the excavated technical systems must be clearly marked on the site.

3.19. When constructing in the area of operating agencies or units, attention must be paid to the special conditions for transporting building components, construction materials and the environment. The use of readily available equipment of those agencies or units should be combined.

3.20. Each construction project must have a general construction diary for the works and special construction and installation diaries to record and monitor the construction process.

4. Construction preparation

4.1. Before starting the main construction and installation works, the preparation work must be completed well, including organizational preparation measures, construction coordination, internal and external preparation works of the construction site.

4.2. Organizational and construction coordination preparation measures include:

a) Agreeing with relevant agencies on the combined use of construction equipment capacity, local labor capacity and works, technical systems currently operating near the construction works to serve construction such as infrastructure technical systems (transportation systems, power supply networks, water supply and drainage networks, communication networks, etc.), construction companies and local energy supply works, etc.;

b) Addressing the issue of maximizing the use of locally available construction materials;

c) Identifying organizations participating in construction and installation;

d) Signing economic contracts for construction and installation contracting according to the provisions of the State’s documents on construction and installation contracting.

4.3. Before deciding on organizational preparation measures, construction coordination and other preparation works, it is necessary to carefully study the approved construction drawing design documents, project cost estimates and specific construction conditions at the locality. At the same time, those measures and works must comply with the provisions in 3.12.

4.4. Depending on the scale of the project, the level of preparation required and the specific construction conditions, the preparation works outside the construction site include all or part of the following tasks: constructing a railway branch to the construction site, constructing a road branch, port, warehouse for off-site transshipment, communication lines, power transmission lines and substations, water supply pipelines and water intake works, drainage lines and wastewater treatment works, etc.

4.5. Depending on the scale of the project, the level of preparation required and the specific construction conditions, the preparation works inside the project site include all or part of the following tasks:

• Establishing a basic positioning landmark system for construction;
• Site clearance: demining, cutting trees, clearing bushes within the scope specified by the design, demolishing works located on the site that cannot be used in combination during the construction and installation process;
• Preparing the site: leveling the ground, ensuring surface water drainage, constructing temporary and permanent roads inside the construction site, installing power supply and water supply networks for construction, telephone and radio communication networks, etc.;
• Constructing service workshops and works such as: warehousing system, assembly yard, component and equipment combination, concrete mixing, steel processing yard, reinforced concrete component casting yard, carpentry and formwork processing workshop, construction machinery station, repair mechanical workshop, car garage, petrol station, etc.;
• Installing temporary buildings for construction: in case it is allowed to use buildings and works included in the design, these works should be constructed first for combined use during the construction process;
• Ensuring fire water supply system and fire-fighting equipment, communication means and fire alarm bells.

4.6. The preparation works must be based on the technological chain nature of the overall construction of the project and the construction technology of the main construction and installation works in order to arrange interleaved construction and ensure the necessary construction site for the units participating in the construction and installation of the project. The completion time of the preparation works must be recorded in the general construction diary of the project.

4.7. The location of temporary works must not be on the location of the main works, must not cause obstacles to the construction of the main works, and must calculate economic efficiency. In all cases, it is necessary to thoroughly study the use of main project items serving construction to save investment capital for temporary works construction and shorten the construction time of the main works.

4.8. The construction of housing for construction workers, public buildings, cultural and living buildings, warehouses, production buildings and auxiliary construction buildings should apply current typical designs, especially focusing on applying types of temporary houses that are easy to dismantle, mobile and maximally combining the use of readily available works in the locality.

4.9. Regarding the construction road system, first of all, the existing road network inside and outside the construction site must be used. In case the use of permanent roads is not beneficial or does not meet the requirements for construction vehicles and machinery to travel, only then temporary construction roads can be built. For road sections and infrastructure included in the design, if it is allowed to use them in combination to serve construction, all those volumes must be included in the preparation phase and deployed for construction first. The construction unit must maintain the roads to ensure normal use throughout the construction process.

4.10. The construction power source must be taken from existing power systems or combined with the use of fixed power supply works included in the design. Temporary power sources (mobile power generation stations, diesel generator sets, etc.) can only be used at the beginning of construction and installation, before putting the main power supply items into operation.

The temporary high-voltage and low-voltage power supply network should be overhead. Underground cable lines can only be installed in case overhead power lines do not ensure technical safety or complicate the construction and installation work. Mobile substations, pole-mounted substations, and mobile pole-type substations should be used.

4.11. Regarding construction water supply, first of all, it is necessary to take advantage of the water supply systems operating near the construction site.

When constructing a temporary water supply network, it is first necessary to construct a fixed water pipeline network according to the project design in order to combine the use for construction.

4.12. Depending on the volume and nature of construction and installation works, the supply of compressed air to the construction site can be done by mobile air compressors or by constructing a fixed compressed air station.

4.13. When establishing a power supply, water supply and communication system diagram, it is necessary to anticipate serving all stages of construction and installation and combine with the future construction development of the area.

4.14. It is only allowed to start construction and installation of the main work volumes of the project after completing the necessary preparation works directly serving the construction of the main construction and installation works and ensuring full procedures according to current regulations.

5. Materials – technical supply work

5.1. Based on the construction and installation technology process and progress, the materials – technical supply work must ensure the full and synchronous supply of building components, construction materials, and technical equipment to ensure continuous and uninterrupted construction service, focusing on quickly putting the project or each part of the project into production and use.

5.2. Materials – technical supply organizations need to:

• Fully and synchronously supply the necessary materials – technical items according to the construction plan – progress, regardless of the source of supply;
• Increase the level of pre-fabrication of components and details by strengthening production organization at specialized production facilities or purchasing products from professional supply units;
• Synchronously supply structures, components, construction materials, technical equipment, etc. to the construction site of the project according to the correct progress.

5.3. In order to ensure synchronous supply and increase the level of product fabrication and ready preparation of construction materials, synchronous production – supply facilities should be organized, including workshops, warehouses, yards, loading and unloading and transportation means.

5.4. The basis for planning and organizing synchronous supply is the data on materials – technical needs stated in the construction drawing design documents, construction method design and construction organization design of the project.

5.5. In the supply work, when conditions permit, multipurpose tool containers or dedicated containers should be used, as well as other types of packaging means that allow not only for transportation but also for use as temporary storage, especially for small items.

Construction and installation organizations must return containers, means and packaging belonging to the assets of materials – technical supply organizations.

5.6. Warehouses for storing various types of materials – technical items serving construction and installation must be constructed in accordance with current standards on warehouse area and production reserve norms.

5.7. The preservation of building structures, components, materials and equipment, etc. must be carried out in accordance with the State’s current standards, regulations and technical conditions on materials – technical preservation.

5.8. When receiving and handing over building structures, components, materials, equipment, etc., it is necessary to consider both quantity, quality and synchronization. When weighing, measuring, counting, it is necessary to compare with the terms stated in the contract between the consignor and the consignee and based on the State’s current relevant standards and regulations. Materials and semi-finished products supplied for construction must have quality certificates. The production facility or the selling unit must be responsible for the quality of materials and semi-finished products supplied to the construction site. When detecting that materials and semi-finished products do not meet the quality requirements, the construction site has the right to refuse to receive those materials and semi-finished products. It is not allowed to use materials and semi-finished products that do not meet quality standards for the works.

5.9. The demand for materials – technical supply must be associated with the construction and installation progress, the deadline for completing each job and determined on the basis of the work volume in kind (based on the design – cost estimate of the project), the usage norms, consumption and production reserve.

In addition, it is necessary to calculate and estimate materials for jobs performed with basic construction capital different from the project and for construction work in the rainy and stormy season. Attention must be paid to losses in transportation, loading and unloading, storage and construction in accordance with current norms and there must be measures to reduce those loss costs.

Construction and installation organizations must regularly check material inventory and maintain material reserves in accordance with current norms.

6. Construction mechanization

6.1. When constructing and installing, the most effective mechanization methods and means should be used to ensure high labor productivity, good quality, low cost, and at the same time reduce heavy work.

When implementing mechanization of construction and installation works, attention must be paid to the synchronous nature and balance of productivity between the main machine and auxiliary machines.

6.2. The specific determination of conditions and capabilities of the main machine and auxiliary machines must be based on the characteristics of the works, construction technology, progress, volume, and construction conditions of the works.

The development of methods for using and operating machines must be based on the requirements of mechanized construction technology and must calculate to take advantage of the technical characteristics of the machines, taking into account the best possible transportation, installation, and dismantling capabilities. Auxiliary equipment and attachments used in mechanization work must meet the requirements of construction technology, capacity, and other technical characteristics of the machines used.

6.3. The selection of mechanization means must be carried out on the basis of comparing the economic efficiency indicators of the mechanization options. The options need to be technologically reasonable and ensure the completion of the assigned volume and work on time. On the other hand, it is necessary to calculate the labor consumption indicators when using mechanization and compare it with the options of using manual labor.

6.4. The structure and number of machines needed to construct a certain job need to be determined on the basis of work volume, the selected mechanization method and the ability to utilize machine productivity, while taking into account the construction organization and machine repair organization level of the unit.

The proportion of machine work in the total volume of work is calculated according to the formula:

where:

M is the proportion of machine work, expressed as a percentage (%);

Qm is the total volume of work, expressed in cubic meters or tons (m³, T…);

Nc is the estimated shift productivity of the machine;

Tc is the number of working shifts of a machine type in the entire specified construction period.

When determining the shift productivity and the number of working shifts of machines, it is necessary to take into account the unit’s work organization level and the technical condition of the machines, but not lower than the shift productivity norms and the machine utilization shift norms promulgated by the State for the same period.

The total demand for construction machinery is the sum of each type of machine to perform each type of work in the construction plan.

6.5. The demand for mechanization and hand-held means is determined separately, according to the annual construction and installation plan of the construction unit and according to the development policy of small-scale mechanization of the governing sector.

6.6. The level of mechanization of construction and installation works is assessed by mechanization indicators according to work volume and labor performed by machines as follows:

• The level of mechanization of each construction and installation work is determined by the proportion of work volume done by machines compared to the total volume of that work (expressed as a percentage);
• The level of synchronous mechanization of construction and installation work is determined by the proportion of construction and installation work volume performed by the synchronous mechanization method compared to the total volume of that construction and installation work (expressed as a percentage);
• The level of mechanized labor is determined by the number of workers directly working with machines compared to the total number of workers directly doing the work manually and by machines (expressed as a percentage).

6.7. The level of mechanical equipment of construction and installation units is assessed by the following mechanical and power equipment indicators:

• The level of mechanical equipment of a construction and installation unit is determined by the value of construction machines equipped compared to the total value of construction and installation performed by the unit itself;
• The level of mechanical equipment per construction worker is determined by the value of machines equipped per construction worker in the unit;
• The level of mechanical equipment is also calculated according to the basic parameters of the working machines (m³, tons, horsepower) per 1 million dong of construction and installation or per construction worker;
• The level of power equipment for a construction and installation unit is determined by the total power of the motors of the equipped machines (converted to KW) per 1 million dong of construction and installation value performed by the unit itself;
• The level of power equipment per construction worker is determined by the total power of the motors of the equipped machines (converted to KW) per construction worker.

When calculating the indicators of the level of mechanical and power equipment, data on equipment prices, machine power, and number of workers are taken according to the average number of the period according to the planned data or the summarized data.

6.8. To evaluate the efficiency of machine use, the following indicators must be applied:

a) Indicator of machine quantity usage: is the ratio between the actual average number of working machines and the current average number of machines;

b) Indicators of machine usage by time, determined by the following coefficients:

• Calendar time utilization coefficient: is the ratio between the actual working time of the machine and the total calendar time in the same working time of the machine (expressed as a percentage);
• Shift time utilization coefficient: is the ratio between the number of useful working hours and the standard number of working hours of the machine in a shift (expressed as a percentage).

In addition, the indicator of machine usage by time can be determined by the ratio between the actual average working time of the machine in the list and the working time specified in the norm (expressed as a percentage).

c) Indicator of machine efficiency: is the ratio between the actual output of the machine and the standard output of the machine in the corresponding time (expressed as a percentage).

6.9. To improve the efficiency of mechanization in construction and installation, it is necessary to:

a) In specific conditions, the most effective machines within the allowable capacity must be used.

b) Well combine large-capacity machines with small mechanization means, improved tools, and other suitable auxiliary means;

c) Regularly and promptly improve the structure of machine force to ensure synchronization, balance, and create conditions for applying advanced construction technologies;

d) Regularly improve the management level, technical level of using and repairing machines, well comply with the system of technical maintenance and machine repair as specified in the current regulations;

e) Equip appropriate physical – technical facilities for technical maintenance and machine repair corresponding to the equipped machine force.

6.10. Machines used for construction and installation must be organized for management and centralized and stable use in specialized construction units. Small mechanization means and hand-held mechanical tools also need to be centrally managed and used in specialized units. These units must be equipped with the necessary means to perform technical maintenance of mechanical tools.

6.11. When managing and using machines (including using, technical maintenance, storage, moving), it is necessary to follow the technical guidance documents of the manufacturer and the machine technical management agencies at all levels.

6.12. Machine operators must be clearly assigned responsibility for managing and using machines along with production tasks. Machine operators must be assigned in accordance with their trained expertise and the worker level specified for each specific machine.

6.13. Machines put into operation must ensure technical reliability and labor safety. For vehicles that are required to register for safety before being put into use, the registration and inspection procedures must be fully implemented in accordance with the regulations of the competent State agency.

6.14. To ensure that construction machines and small mechanization means are always in good working condition, technical maintenance and machine repair must be systematically carried out according to the plan, including: shift technical maintenance, periodic technical maintenance, regular repair, and overhaul.

Implementing technical maintenance to keep machines in a state of readiness to work, reduce wear and tear of parts, detect and prevent deviations and failures in advance, while repairs are to restore the machine’s working ability. The cycle of technical maintenance and repair levels must be determined according to the manufacturer’s guidance documents, taking into account the actual condition of the machine.

6.15. Technical maintenance must be performed by a specialized department. In which, it is advisable to organize specialized technical maintenance teams for each type of machine.

6.16. During technical maintenance or repair, the technical condition of the machine must be preliminarily checked by the basic method of technical diagnosis. During technical diagnosis, it is necessary to determine the nature of the failure and predict the remaining capacity of the machine.

6.17. During regular repairs, some machine parts must be replaced and restored, and the machine must be adjusted. The result of regular repairs must ensure the reliable working ability of the machine until the next planned level of repair. Regular repair work is carried out in the workshops of the machine-using unit by specialized workers. If necessary, machine operators can be arranged to participate in repairs. Regular repairs at the machine’s workplace can only be carried out by the method of replacing assemblies.

6.18. During overhaul, it is necessary to ensure the restoration of the machine’s good working condition and restore all or almost all of the machine’s design capacity, by replacing or restoring machine parts including basic parts, overall adjustment, and testing. Overhaul work is carried out at centers whose organization and technology must ensure the restoration of the machine’s technical condition to nearly new. In case of repairing a small number of machines, it can be carried out in the workshops of the machine-using unit and must have cooperation with the centers in organizing the repair of each machine assembly.

6.19. Companies with construction machines recorded in the fixed asset summary table must make a plan for technical maintenance and preventive repair.

It is necessary to base on the manufacturer’s guidance documents and the actual technical condition of the factory and the construction plan to make annual and monthly plans for technical maintenance and repair of construction machines.

NOTE: The norms of average labor costs, norms of technical maintenance time, and machine repair time are compiled by management agencies and are regularly adjusted to suit the improvement of structure as well as the technology of using and repairing construction machines.

6.20. To carry out the work of technical maintenance and repair of other means of mechanization and automation, machine technical maintenance stations, remote works for regular repair and technical maintenance at the workplace, fuel and lubricant stations, machine dump sites, spare parts and supplies warehouses, and specialized means for transporting machines, fuel, and lubricants.

6.21. During the process of using machines from the beginning to the liquidation, the construction machine using unit must ensure recording:

• The volume of work performed and the working time of the machine, the number of times of technical maintenance and repair, the number of workers, and the cost of each time;
• Deviations and failures in machine operation, replacement of machine parts, and changes in machine structure during use and repair, consumption of fuel, lubricants, materials, and spare parts.

The above data must be fully recorded in the history of each machine and carefully preserved.

7. Transportation work

7.1. The organization of transportation work must ensure serving construction according to the correct plan, correct construction and installation progress, and materials – technical supply progress, and must ensure the quality of goods, not allowing losses to exceed regulations during transportation. The selection of types and means of transportation must be based on the transportation distance, the situation of the existing road network, the ability to provide types of means, the nature of transported goods, the requirements for preserving goods during transportation, the loading and unloading method, the required time, and the transportation cost.

7.2. The selection of an effective transportation method must be based on comparing the economic – technical indicators of different options. When choosing a transportation option, it is necessary to pay attention to making full use of vehicle load capacity, organizing centralized transportation, choosing the shortest route after considering road conditions, and combining two-way freight transportation.

7.3. It is necessary to calculate with the support of computers to choose the optimal transportation route and the optimal combination of goods to transport large volumes.

7.4. When determining the transportation route, it must be based on the location of delivery and receipt of goods, distance and volume of transportation, type of means of transportation. It is necessary to apply two-way transportation routes, to transport goods for construction, or to use part of the return trip to combine transporting other goods on the way back. Transportation routes can be organized in a closed loop, with means of transportation going in one direction, through a number of delivery and receipt stations.

7.5. The organization of railway transportation for construction must be associated with the operation of the local railway section, ensuring synchronous and timely transportation of goods for construction, taking advantage of the traffic capacity of the route, and using locomotives and wagons appropriately.

7.6. It is necessary to base on the volume of goods to be transported and the productivity of the means to determine the number and type of transport vehicles. When determining the composition of the vehicle fleet, it must be based on the volume and list of transported goods. The specifications and capacity of the means must match the size and load of the goods. The safety of goods during transportation must be ensured.

7.7. When determining the demand for means of transportation, attention must be paid to the need to transport workers to the workplace.

7.8. Means of transportation and mechanized loading and unloading serving the transportation of erection goods must be concentrated in large companies.

In order for transportation to serve construction in a timely manner, there should be a close relationship between the consignor and the consignee. The two parties need to agree with each other on the progress of loading, unloading, transportation and vehicle dispatch.

7.9. The basic indicators for evaluating transportation activities are: specified transportation progress, quantity of transported goods (tons), volume of transportation work (tons x kilometers), productivity of means calculated by the quantity of transported goods and the volume of transportation work per unit of load capacity, transportation cost.

In addition, it is necessary to consider some other indicators such as: average transportation distance, average daily vehicle running distance, technical speed, load capacity utilization coefficient, and fleet utilization coefficient.

7.10. When transporting prefabricated structures, there must be firm supports and braces to prevent overturning, displacement or collision with each other and with the vehicle body. When loading and unloading prefabricated structures, it is necessary to strictly follow the design instructions on the diagram of the cable hook position and the arrangement on the means of transportation.

Structural parts with pre-processed surfaces such as painted, decorated, insulated, moisture-proof, corrosion-resistant coatings must be carefully protected during transportation, against impact, moisture, heating or soiling.

Small supplies, rolled materials, and sheet materials need to be packaged in parcels or in multipurpose containers and dedicated containers so that they can be delivered directly from the means of transportation to the workplace. Cement and other binders, if not contained in packaging, must be transported by specialized means. Cement must not be transported by dumping. For lump lime, cement and other binders, when transporting, there must be measures to cover from rain, ensuring that the materials are not wet or damaged.

7.11. In order for transportation activities to operate uniformly, vehicle and machine management organizations must well organize the work of technical maintenance and repair of means of transportation as specified in section 7 of this standard.

8. Labor organization

8.1. Labor organization work in construction and installation includes measures for reasonable use of labor, reasonable arrangement of workers in the production line, division of labor and labor cooperation, norms and motivation of labor spirit, organization of workplaces, service work, creating all conditions for safe labor. Labor organization must ensure increased labor productivity, work quality and material savings on the basis of improving workers’ skills, effective use of labor time, mechanization means and technical material resources.

8.2. Scientific labor organization measures must be directed towards:

• Perfecting forms of labor organization (division of labor and labor cooperation, labor specialization, choosing the most reasonable composition structure and specializing production teams and groups).
• Researching and disseminating advanced labor measures;
• Improving the organization and service of the workplace, ensuring the most favorable working conditions;
• Improving labor norm work;
• Applying progressive forms and systems of salary payment and labor motivation;
• Training and improving workers’ skills;
• Strengthening labor techniques.

8.3. The division of labor and labor cooperation must depend on the nature of the profession and the professional level of the workers. Depending on the nature of the production process, workers are reasonably arranged to work in teams, groups or individually.

8.4. The production team is the basic form of labor cooperation in construction. When constructing homogeneous jobs, specialized production teams must be organized. When performing a number of related tasks to make the final product, comprehensive production teams must be organized, including workers with different professions. In a comprehensive production team, it can be divided into specialized production groups to do each type of work and to construct by shift. In a specialized production team, it is also divided into many production groups.

Machine operators serving any production team are attached to the interests and are under the management of that production team.

8.5. The determination of the number of workers, the structure of professions and the professional level of workers in the production team and production organization must be based on the work volume and completion time according to the assigned plan, taking into account the specific conditions of construction technology, the level of implementation of output norms and planned tasks, and increasing labor productivity.

8.6. The production team must have a team leader appointed from among the construction technical staff or technical workers with high professional qualifications and implementation organization capacity. When constructing in two or three shifts, shift deputies must be appointed. The production group is led by the production group leader.

8.7. The plan must be assigned early to the production team before starting construction, clearly stating the work volume to be done, the completion time, and related technical requirements. The production team, production group and each worker must receive the construction site before starting work. The construction site must be sufficient to store necessary materials, equipment, tools, attachments, and have enough space for workers to move around and operate machines and other mechanical means. Materials, equipment, and tools must be arranged in order to ensure technological requirements and avoid unnecessary movements that make workers quickly tired. Materials brought to the workplace must ensure quality and be pre-classified.

8.8. When organizing the arrangement of the construction site, special attention must be paid to ensuring safety for workers. There must be shields, lighting, protective equipment and devices for labor protection in accordance with safety technical regulations.

8.9. Workplace service work must be scientifically and thoughtfully organized, ensuring that workers have conditions to focus on doing the main construction and installation work, without wasting time doing auxiliary work that is not suitable for their profession and skill level.

8.10. When making a plan for the production team, it is necessary to calculate and arrange enough stable work for a long time (not less than one year). It is necessary to avoid creating sudden situations of miscellaneous and unstable mobilization and avoid dividing the production team. It is necessary to anticipate the plan to transfer the work of the production team from one project item to another based on the contracting plan of the construction and installation organization.

8.11. Tools, equipment and assembly equipment must follow the correct technical standards, must be firm, convenient, have high productivity, ensure safety for users, and must be carefully preserved to avoid loss and damage. It is necessary to use hand tool sets and small mechanization, tools, equipment, and attachments that have been reasonably selected and grouped in accordance with the specialization and construction technology of each type of construction and installation work. The supply of hand tools and small mechanization, attachments and the repair of those types must be centrally organized in the tool distribution stations of the construction site.

8.12. The labor methods and measures selected for application must have high productivity, save construction materials, ensure quality and labor safety.

8.13. Working conditions and environment must ensure that workers work with high productivity and at the same time maintain health by applying a reasonable working and resting regime, having measures to reduce factors that adversely affect the worker’s body (noise, vibration, dust, toxic gas pollution, etc.). Protective clothing, shoes, helmets, personal protective equipment and hygiene – living services must be fully provided according to the requirements of each job.

8.14. Labor norm work must be perfected on the basis of researching and applying scientifically and technically based norms, suitable to the technical and technological level achieved in construction and installation and reflecting advanced construction experiences.

8.15. It is necessary to apply a product-based salary payment system, with rewards to motivate workers to increase productivity, labor quality and shorten the construction and installation time. Reward levels are classified according to the evaluation of the quality of completed work.

8.16. Construction and installation organizations must research and apply the form of contracting to production teams on the basis of economic accounting in order to encourage increased labor productivity, reduced product costs, economical use of technical materials, and shortened construction time.

8.17. Before transferring the production team to economic accounting, it must be carefully prepared, detailed construction progress for each work volume must be drawn up, progress of supplying to the construction site the main technical materials, structures, components and construction materials. It is necessary to make a table of labor costs and wages, determine the value of the work assigned to the team. At the same time, it is necessary to regularly count and monitor by each project or by construction phase the labor costs, materials – technical costs and other costs of each production team that has been put into economic accounting.

8.18. Construction and installation organizations must take care to improve the professional qualifications of workers through a system of vocational schools, advanced training classes, work-study schools, classes to disseminate advanced labor methods, target-oriented training classes, and economic management schools.

The most effective training method is to combine teaching theory with practical illustrations, with practical teachers or experienced workers who have many technical improvement initiatives and have mastered advanced labor methods directly guiding at the production site.

8.19. Basic documents on organization and scientific labor must be included in the construction design content of the project. It is necessary to determine the reasonable composition of production groups and teams, organize construction regulations and production site, labor methods, technological sequence and duration of each construction and installation stage.

9. Operational planning and production coordination

9.1. The work of operational planning and production coordination must ensure the regulation of production and construction, constantly grasp the situation, check the coordination of activities of production units and service facilities, in order to complete the construction volumes on time and quickly put the project into use.

9.2. When making the operational plan, it is necessary to pay special attention to the following issues:

• Promote the construction speed, widely apply advanced construction organization methods and construction technologies, use the machinery and equipment capacity to the highest level;
• Maximize the capacity of the organizations and units participating in construction;
• Identify sources of production reserves;
• Timely and synchronous supply for construction such as: labor force, machinery and equipment, and technical materials.

9.3. In order for the planning work to be accurate and to ensure smooth construction work and accurate coordination between construction units and the project’s component production units and for each unit participating in construction, the construction progress needs to be detailed weekly, daily, and sometimes hourly if deemed necessary, and must be accompanied by the progress of supplying technical materials, structures, components, equipment, and construction materials to the base of the works.

Depending on the specific conditions and situation of the construction site, the method of planning and controlling construction according to the straight line method or the network diagram method can be applied.

9.4. The operational plan of the construction unit must be made on the basis of coordinating the plans of the main and auxiliary production units of the unit. When making the operational plan of the main contractor organization, it is necessary to pay attention to reviewing the plans of affiliated units and the plans of subcontractors.

9.5. Basic documents used to make the operational plan are:

• Production plan (calculated according to volume and structure of work);
• Construction drawing design documents and implementation progress of construction and installation work;
• Work situation of each project item before the planning period;
• Goals to be achieved during the operational plan implementation period;
• Documents on the ability to supply labor and technical materials during the planning period;
• Norms for using labor and wages, using construction materials, productivity of construction machines and equipment.

9.6. The operational plan must be assigned a few days in advance to the implementing units so that these units have enough time to study and prepare the necessary conditions for construction.

9.7. The operational plan is the basis for organizing economic accounting. Data on the implementation of the operational plan must be promptly included in periodic statistical reports and is the basis for evaluating the activities of construction organizations and units.

9.8. The implementation of the operational plan must be systematically checked, monitored, and promptly summarized and learned from experience. It is necessary to determine labor productivity, level of material savings (waste), efficiency of using machinery and equipment, and evaluate the quality of work performed (products, semi-finished products or each part of construction and installation work).

9.9. The level of technical equipment, scale and composition of the production coordination department in companies, construction sites, in production enterprises and equivalent organizations are determined according to the scale of the organization, the number of working shifts, and the distribution of works in the unit’s area of operation.

9.10. The main functions of the production coordination department are: checking the implementation of the operational plan and regulating the construction and installation work, organizing the coordination of activities of production units and technical material supply units.

9.11. The operational orders of the head of the construction organization can be transmitted by the production coordination department or directly instructed by the head to the implementing unit and then reported to the coordination department.

The coordination opinions of the coordinator are mandatory for all workers and employees of the units operating in the area under the coordinator’s responsibility and the subcontractors participating in construction.

The coordination department is responsible for promptly using the necessary measures to prevent violations of the normal construction regime and promptly resolve the consequences.

9.12. To transmit operational orders and communicate information, depending on specific conditions and situations, telephones, loudspeakers, telegrams, radio communications, etc. can be used.

The list and number of technical means serving production coordination in particularly complex projects are specified in the construction organization design.

9.13. In order to promptly grasp the situation and check the construction progress of the project and the implementation situation of the main construction and installation stages, it is necessary to apply a rapid reporting system for all organizations and units participating in construction and installation.

10. Organization of quality inspection

10.1. The evaluation of the quality of completed construction works is carried out by the Grassroots Acceptance Council or the State Acceptance Council (for particularly important projects) while accepting the project for production or use.

To evaluate quality, it is necessary to base on the design requirements, construction materials, technical equipment structures, and construction and installation work.

10.2. Design quality is evaluated based on its effectiveness that has been reflected in the actual project in terms of technical, economic, technological solutions, spatial planning, structure and architecture.

10.3. The quality of construction materials, components, and technical equipment is evaluated at the place of manufacture of those products or at the construction site before being put into use. When evaluating, it is necessary to base on the standards and regulations for each field and the documents certifying the factory products, the results of testing samples taken at the site, and at the same time consider its actual effectiveness that has been reflected on the project.

10.4. The quality of construction and installation work is evaluated according to the results of construction inspection and according to current State standards and regulations.

10.5. Within the scope of the construction organization, the quality inspection of construction and installation work includes: inspecting the quality of materials, components, equipment put into the project, the quality of construction and installation work, and inspecting the acceptance of completed projects.

Documents on the results of the above types of inspections must be recorded in the project diary or inspection minutes as prescribed.

10.6. Components, construction materials, and technical equipment brought to the construction site must be inspected. When inspecting, it is necessary to compare with technical standards, explanations and other technical documents. Imported goods must ensure the required technical quality, design requirements and requirements for loading, unloading and preservation.

The inspection of incoming goods is the responsibility of the technical material supply department and is carried out at the material warehouse or directly at the production facility. In case of necessity, construction materials and components must be retested in the laboratory.

In addition, the construction commander must inspect, observe, and compare the quality of components and construction materials brought to the construction site with the basic requirements of the construction drawings, technical conditions and standards for each product.

10.7. Quality inspection must be carried out on the spot, after completing a production job, a part of construction and installation work or a stage of the construction process, it is necessary to promptly detect damages, deviations, determine the causes, and at the same time promptly apply measures to prevent and repair those damages.

When inspecting quality, it is necessary to check the correct implementation of the technological process recorded in the construction drawing design documents and compare the results of the work performed with the requirements of the construction drawing design and current standards and regulations.

10.8. All construction and installation contractors must have a department to inspect the quality of products made by construction and installation work. The construction commander is responsible for inspecting the quality of construction products. The worker directly producing must self-inspect the results of their work.

Participating in the quality inspection work also includes the construction contractor, the construction supervision consultant and the project acceptance of the investor, and the author’s supervision of the construction design contractor.

Construction and installation works must be quality inspected. Contractors must confirm construction quality with acceptance minutes.

10.9. When inspecting quality, it must be based on the guidance documents in the construction design. Those documents include:

• Structural drawings, accompanied by allowable deviations and required accuracy of measurement, material quality requirements;
• Documents clearly stating the content, time and method of inspection;
• A list of works that require the participation of the construction site testing department and the project survey department;
• A list of hidden project parts that require acceptance and minutes before being sealed.

10.10. Acceptance inspection is carried out to inspect and evaluate the quality of the entire or part of the completed construction project, as well as hidden project parts and particularly important structures of the project.

10.11. All hidden parts of the project must be accepted, confirmed with minutes and as-built drawings before being sealed or constructing the next parts. The acceptance minutes of hidden project parts are made right after the completion of the work and have on-site confirmation by the quality inspection department of the contractor and the technical supervision department of the contracting agency.

If the next works are carried out after a long interruption, the acceptance and minutes of hidden project parts can only be carried out before restarting construction.

10.12. For particularly important structures, it is necessary to have an intermediate acceptance organization and make minutes according to the completion level of each part during the construction process.

The design must clearly state the particularly important works that require intermediate acceptance.

10.13. In addition to internal quality inspection of the construction organization (between the investor, the construction supervision consultant and the construction contractor), construction quality inspection is also performed by appraisal agencies.

10.14. Construction organizations must study and develop organizational, technical and economic measures to well perform the construction quality inspection work. In those measures, special attention must be paid to the establishment of a construction site testing department, a project survey department, and the training to improve skills and professional qualifications of construction staff and workers.

10.15. In addition to the main provisions in this standard, the project quality inspection work must comply with the project acceptance regulations and the State’s regulations on construction and installation quality inspection.