TCVN 3991:2012 Standard for fire protection in building design. Terminology – definitions
Foreword
TCVN 3991:2012 replaces TCVN 3991:1985.
TCVN 3991:2012 was compiled by the Institute of Architecture, Urban and Rural Planning – Ministry of Construction, proposed by the Ministry of Construction, appraised by the Directorate for Standards, Metrology and Quality, and promulgated by the Ministry of Science and Technology.
1. Scope of Application
This standard stipulates the terminology and definitions applicable in the system of fire protection standards in construction design.
2. Terms and Definitions
2.1. Flame
The combustion process characterized by the emission of heat, smoke, and the presence of flames.
2.2. Fire Resistance
The ability of building components and structures to maintain their fire resistance as well as their resistance to the formation of openings and heating to the limit temperature and the spread of flames.
2.3. Flame Propagation on Structures
The propagation of combustion on the surface and inside building components and structures.
2.4. Combustion
The interaction between matter and oxygen accompanied by the emission of heat or smoke, with the presence of flames or smoldering.
2.5. Combustion Products
Substances created as a result of combustion.
2.6. Glowing
Combustion without flames but with luminescence.
2.7. Smoldering
Combustion without luminescence, recognized by the presence of smoke.
2.8. Smoke
The visible entity in the air created from solid, liquid, or gaseous elements during combustion.
2.9. Ignition
The act of causing combustion.
2.10. Ignition Source
The thermal energy leading to ignition.
2.11. Controlled Burning
Intentional, controlled combustion.
2.12. Carbonization
The formation of carbon as a result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion of organic substances.
2.13. Ignition
The onset of combustion due to the effect of an ignition source.
2.14. Spontaneous Ignition
The onset of combustion without the effect of an ignition source.
2.15. Ignitability
The ability of a substance to ignite under the effect of an ignition source.
2.16. Ignition Temperature
The lowest temperature at which materials can ignite due to the effect of an ignition source.
2.17. Autoignition Temperature
The lowest temperature at which materials can ignite without needing the effect of an ignition source.
2.18. Flame
Combustion in the gaseous form accompanied by luminescence and heat.
2.19. Flame Propagation
The propagation of combustion in the gaseous form accompanied by luminescence and heat.
2.20. Flaming Combustion
Ignition with the presence of flames.
2.21. Spontaneous Flaming Combustion
Spontaneous ignition with the presence of flames.
2.22. Fire
Uncontrolled combustion that develops over time and space.
2.23. Pyrolysis
Irreversible chemical decomposition resulting from an increase in temperature, with or without oxidation.
2.24. Standard Temperature Regime
The change in temperature over time during the testing process when determining the fire resistance limits of structures.
2.25. Fire Resistance Limit
The time (measured in hours or minutes) from the start of the standard fire resistance test on the specimens until the appearance of one of the limit states of the structure or component.
2.26. Limit of Flame Propagation
The time (measured in hours or minutes) from the start of the standard fire resistance test on the specimens until the appearance of a sign characteristic of the propagation of flames on the structure.
2.27. Fire Resistance Rating
The standardized fire resistance characteristic of buildings and structures determined by the fire resistance limits of the main building structures.
2.28. Heat of Combustion
The energy released during the complete combustion of a unit mass of material.
2.29. Fire Load
The total heat of the entire mass of combustible materials per 1 m2 of floor area of a building or structure.
2.30. Fire Protection Treatment
Creating a coating on the surface or thoroughly impregnating structural components to increase the fire resistance limit and limit the propagation of flames.
2.31. Standard Ignitability of Materials
The standardized characteristic of the ignitability of materials.
2.32. Non-Combustible Materials
Materials that, under the effect of flames or high temperatures, do not ignite, smolder, or carbonize.
2.33. Combustible Materials
Materials that, under the effect of flames or high temperatures, ignite, smolder, or carbonize after being isolated from the ignition source.
2.34. Flame-Retardant Materials
Materials that, under the effect of flames or high temperatures, ignite, smolder, or carbonize and continue to burn, smolder, or carbonize in the presence of an ignition source, but after being isolated from the ignition source, the combustion or smoldering ceases.
2.35. Fire Barrier
A structure with a standardized fire resistance limit that prevents the propagation of flames from one part of the structure to another.
2.36. Exterior Fire Escape Ladder
A ladder used to bring firefighting personnel and technical firefighting equipment to the roof of a building or structure.
2.37. Escape Route
A route leading to an emergency exit to the outside.
2.38. Emergency Exit
An exit leading directly to the outside or to a safe area.