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TCVN 3991:2012 Standard for fire protection in building design. Terminology - definitions
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TCVN 3991:2012

TCVN 3991:2012 Standard for fire protection in building design. Terminology – definitions

Foreword

TCVN 3991:2012 replaces TCVN 3991:1985.

TCVN 3991:2012 was compiled by the Institute of Architecture, Urban and Rural Planning – Ministry of Construction, proposed by the Ministry of Construction, appraised by the Directorate for Standards, Metrology and Quality, and promulgated by the Ministry of Science and Technology.

1. Scope of Application

This standard stipulates the terminology and definitions applicable in the system of fire protection standards in construction design.

2. Terms and Definitions

2.1. Flame

The combustion process characterized by the emission of heat, smoke, and the presence of flames.

2.2. Fire Resistance

The ability of building components and structures to maintain their fire resistance as well as their resistance to the formation of openings and heating to the limit temperature and the spread of flames.

2.3. Flame Propagation on Structures

The propagation of combustion on the surface and inside building components and structures.

2.4. Combustion

The interaction between matter and oxygen accompanied by the emission of heat or smoke, with the presence of flames or smoldering.

2.5. Combustion Products

Substances created as a result of combustion.

2.6. Glowing

Combustion without flames but with luminescence.

2.7. Smoldering

Combustion without luminescence, recognized by the presence of smoke.

2.8. Smoke

The visible entity in the air created from solid, liquid, or gaseous elements during combustion.

2.9. Ignition

The act of causing combustion.

2.10. Ignition Source

The thermal energy leading to ignition.

2.11. Controlled Burning

Intentional, controlled combustion.

2.12. Carbonization

The formation of carbon as a result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion of organic substances.

2.13. Ignition

The onset of combustion due to the effect of an ignition source.

2.14. Spontaneous Ignition

The onset of combustion without the effect of an ignition source.

2.15. Ignitability

The ability of a substance to ignite under the effect of an ignition source.

2.16. Ignition Temperature

The lowest temperature at which materials can ignite due to the effect of an ignition source.

2.17. Autoignition Temperature

The lowest temperature at which materials can ignite without needing the effect of an ignition source.

2.18. Flame

Combustion in the gaseous form accompanied by luminescence and heat.

2.19. Flame Propagation

The propagation of combustion in the gaseous form accompanied by luminescence and heat.

2.20. Flaming Combustion

Ignition with the presence of flames.

2.21. Spontaneous Flaming Combustion

Spontaneous ignition with the presence of flames.

2.22. Fire

Uncontrolled combustion that develops over time and space.

2.23. Pyrolysis

Irreversible chemical decomposition resulting from an increase in temperature, with or without oxidation.

2.24. Standard Temperature Regime

The change in temperature over time during the testing process when determining the fire resistance limits of structures.

2.25. Fire Resistance Limit

The time (measured in hours or minutes) from the start of the standard fire resistance test on the specimens until the appearance of one of the limit states of the structure or component.

2.26. Limit of Flame Propagation

The time (measured in hours or minutes) from the start of the standard fire resistance test on the specimens until the appearance of a sign characteristic of the propagation of flames on the structure.

2.27. Fire Resistance Rating

The standardized fire resistance characteristic of buildings and structures determined by the fire resistance limits of the main building structures.

2.28. Heat of Combustion

The energy released during the complete combustion of a unit mass of material.

2.29. Fire Load

The total heat of the entire mass of combustible materials per 1 m2 of floor area of a building or structure.

2.30. Fire Protection Treatment

Creating a coating on the surface or thoroughly impregnating structural components to increase the fire resistance limit and limit the propagation of flames.

2.31. Standard Ignitability of Materials

The standardized characteristic of the ignitability of materials.

2.32. Non-Combustible Materials

Materials that, under the effect of flames or high temperatures, do not ignite, smolder, or carbonize.

2.33. Combustible Materials

Materials that, under the effect of flames or high temperatures, ignite, smolder, or carbonize after being isolated from the ignition source.

2.34. Flame-Retardant Materials

Materials that, under the effect of flames or high temperatures, ignite, smolder, or carbonize and continue to burn, smolder, or carbonize in the presence of an ignition source, but after being isolated from the ignition source, the combustion or smoldering ceases.

2.35. Fire Barrier

A structure with a standardized fire resistance limit that prevents the propagation of flames from one part of the structure to another.

2.36. Exterior Fire Escape Ladder

A ladder used to bring firefighting personnel and technical firefighting equipment to the roof of a building or structure.

2.37. Escape Route

A route leading to an emergency exit to the outside.

2.38. Emergency Exit

An exit leading directly to the outside or to a safe area.