A factor or hazard causing illness, deterioration of human health during the working process according to the provisions of the law on occupational safety and health and health. Harmful elements to health include 06 main groups: Adverse microclimate; physical (e.g. noise, vibration); various dusts; toxic substances, chemicals, vapors; psychophysiology and ergonomics; occupational contact.
A zone or area at the site and adjacent areas with harmful factors exceeding the permissible threshold or not satisfying the provisions stated in relevant national technical regulations but not to the extent of causing injury or death to people.
The boundaries of areas inside and around the construction site where dangerous elements may appear causing damage to people, construction works, assets, equipment, vehicles due to the construction process of the works, determined according to technical standards, regulations and measures for organizing construction of works [point h clause 1 Article 1 of Law No. 62/2020/QH14].
Types of materials, components, products used in construction of works that meet the following requirements:
a) Comply with the provisions of the law on product and goods quality and other relevant specialized laws;
b) Materials, components, products with quality in accordance with QCVN 16:2019/BXD, QCVN 04:2009/BKHCN and Amendment 1:2016 QCVN 04:2009/BKHCN, comply with the provisions of the design documentation, in accordance with the national technical regulations and standards related to materials, components, products permitted to be applied in Vietnam;
c) Comply with the provisions of the law on construction and other relevant specialized laws on quality control before being put into use at the site.
Standards related to materials, components, products, survey, design, construction, installation, acceptance, use, maintenance, techniques (or measures) to ensure safety and health for workers when carrying out construction activities specified in 1.1.2 and permitted to be applied in Vietnam.
Hooks, chains, ropes, nets, buckets and other accessories used to attach or tie the lifted object to the lifting equipment but not a main part of the lifting equipment.
Principles based on the results of comprehensive research on the adaptation between technical means and the working environment with human capabilities in terms of physiology, psychology, in order to ensure the most effective labor, while protecting the health, safety and comfort of workers.
QCVN 07-9:2023/BXD Technical Infrastructure System – Solid Waste Collection, Treatment Works and Public Toilet
1 GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1 Scope of Application
This regulation specifies the mandatory technical and management requirements to be complied with in the investment, new construction, renovation, and upgrade of solid waste collection, treatment works and public toilets.
1.2 Subjects of Application
This regulation applies to organizations and individuals involved in the investment, new construction, renovation, and upgrade of solid waste collection, treatment works and public toilets.
1.3 References
The referenced documents below are indispensable for the application of this regulation. In case the referenced documents are amended, supplemented or replaced, the latest versions shall be applied.
QCVN 10:2014/BXD, National Technical Regulation on Construction of Works Ensuring Access for Persons with Disabilities;
QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Hazardous Waste Thresholds;
QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Wastewater of Solid Waste Landfill Sites;
QCVN 61-MT:2016/BTNMT, National Technical Regulation on Domestic Solid Waste Incinerators;
QCVN 01:2011/BYT, National Technical Regulation on Toilets – Sanitation Requirements.
1.4 Terminology
For the purposes of this regulation, the following terms are construed as follows:
1.4.1
Solid waste collection and treatment system
The set of works used for the aggregation, transfer, recycling, treatment and landfilling of solid waste.
1.4.2
Transfer station combined with material recovery facility (MRF)
A fixed transfer station that performs the functions of receiving waste, sorting, recovering recyclable components in waste and transporting the remainder to a treatment or landfill site.
1.4.3
Domestic solid waste transfer station
A facility where domestic solid waste is directly discharged into large-capacity transport vehicles or compactors to compress waste into large vehicles or bales for convenient transport to a treatment or landfill site.
1.4.4
Solid waste treatment facility
A physical facility including land, factories, technology lines, equipment and auxiliary works used for solid waste treatment and recycling activities.
1.4.5
Centralized waste treatment zone
An area planned for centralized treatment of one or more types of waste including domestic solid waste, ordinary industrial solid waste, hazardous waste and other types of solid waste, except for waste co-treatment activities and medical waste treatment by cluster model. A centralized waste treatment zone is one or more waste treatment facilities, landfill sites.
1.4.6
Sanitary solid waste landfill
An area that is planned, designed, and constructed in accordance with regulations and functions for landfilling ordinary solid waste. The landfill includes cells for landfilling waste, buffer zones, auxiliary works such as: wastewater treatment plant, power and water supply station, weighbridge, administration office and other items.
1.4.7
Hazardous solid waste landfill
An area planned, designed, and constructed for landfilling discarded hazardous waste or after being suitably pre-treated for landfilling.
1.4.8
Public toilet
A fixed or mobile work, consisting of at least a toilet room and a handwashing area.
2 TECHNICAL PROVISIONS
2.1 General Requirements
2.1.1 Investment in the construction of solid waste collection and treatment works must comply with the planning approved by competent authorities, taking into account the impacts of climate change and sea level rise.
2.1.2 Public toilets must comply with the planning approved by competent authorities and the general landscape of the area. In areas with special value for urban landscape or limited land fund, it is allowed to construct underground fixed solid waste transfer stations and public toilets.
2.1.3 Solid waste treatment works and public toilets must ensure construction quality requirements and environmental protection requirements throughout their service life according to the design of the works (design life) as prescribed by current laws.
2.1.4 The location of public toilets must ensure convenience for desludging activities.
2.1.5 The traffic system in solid waste treatment facilities must ensure convenient operation, easy turning, and avoidance of vehicles in treatment areas, linkage between functional areas in the treatment facility, and meet fire prevention and fighting requirements as prescribed.
2.1.6 Fire prevention and fighting systems in solid waste transfer stations, solid waste treatment facilities, centralized solid waste treatment zones must meet fire safety regulations for buildings and works.
2.1.7 Works serving solid waste collection and treatment must comply with lightning protection requirements according to current regulations.
2.1.8 Work items in solid waste treatment facilities and centralized waste treatment zones must be arranged to ensure functional and safety requirements during operation.
2.2 Domestic solid waste transfer station
2.2.1 Transfer stations in urban areas must arrange a waste reception area with sufficient space for vehicles to stop and wait for waste discharge. The reception area must be enclosed to minimize the spread of pollution, odors and the intrusion of insects.
2.2.2 Non-fixed transfer stations must arrange a waste reception area with sufficient space for vehicles to stop and wait for waste discharge and ensure minimization of the spread of pollution and odors.
2.2.3 Newly invested fixed transfer stations in inner-city areas of special grade and grade I cities, if required to be located in central districts, are allowed to invest and construct underground or semi-underground some work items (compaction and storage area for compacted containers placed underground, working floor area placed on the ground, etc.).
2.2.4 Fixed transfer stations must have at least the following basic items:
– Weighbridge;
– Technical infrastructure: roofs, barriers, yards, internal roads, vehicle washing area, water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, power supply system and other technical infrastructure works;
– Sorting and storage area for recyclable materials;
– Storage area for domestic solid waste, bulky waste, hazardous waste (if any);
– Administration building area, office rooms and other auxiliary works.
2.2.5 Transfer stations combined with material recovery must be designed and installed with odor removal and dust treatment systems.
2.2.6 The height of fixed transfer station works must not be less than the height of the largest equipment. The distance between the bottom of the crane and the top of objects and equipment must not be less than 0.5 m.
2.2.7 Architectural materials inside fixed transfer stations as well as structures and layouts must comply with environmental sanitation regulations and fire prevention and fighting safety requirements.
2.3 Solid waste treatment facility
2.3.1 The land use ratio in solid waste treatment facilities is determined according to Table 1.
Table 1 – Land use ratio in solid waste treatment facilities
Type – item
Land area ratio, %
1. Solid waste recycling facility
100
1.1. Storage + sorting area for solid waste before recycling
≤ 30
1.2. Solid waste recycling area
≤ 20
1.3. Administration building area and other auxiliary works
≤ 20
1.4. Traffic area
≥ 15
1.5. Green area, water surface
≥ 15
2. Biological solid waste treatment facility
100
2.1. Treatment area + composting site + product storage
≤ 60
2.2. Administration building area and other auxiliary works
≤ 15
2.3. Traffic area
≥ 10
2.4. Green area, water surface
≥ 15
3. Solid waste incineration facility
100
3.1. Incinerator area and environmental protection works
≤ 50
3.2. Ash and slag landfill area
≤ 10
3.3. Administration building area and other auxiliary works
≤ 15
3.4. Traffic area
≥ 10
3.5. Green area, water surface
≥ 15
4. Sanitary solid waste landfill
100
4.1. Solid waste landfill cells
≤ 40
4.2. Leachate treatment area
≤ 15
4.3. Administration building area and other auxiliary works
≤ 15
4.4. Traffic area
≥ 10
4.5. Green area, water surface
≥ 20
5. Hazardous waste landfill
100
5.1. Solid waste landfill cells
≤ 40
5.2. Leachate treatment area
≤ 10
5.3. Administration building area and other auxiliary works
6.2. Administration building and other auxiliary works
≤ 10
6.3. Traffic area
≥ 10
6.4. Green area, water surface
≥ 15
NOTE 1: The requirements in Table 1 are applied to new investment and construction projects. For renovation or upgrade projects or investment projects at existing treatment facilities, they can be used for reference and application. NOTE 2: It is not required to arrange green buffer strips as prescribed in QCVN 01:2021/BXD between treatment facilities and landfills in centralized solid waste treatment zones.
2.3.2 The selection of solid waste treatment technology must be based on the analysis of the physical and chemical composition of the solid waste. The analysis data must be updated no later than one year prior to the time of investment project formulation.
2.3.3 Recycling facilities located in centralized solid waste treatment zones must comply with the regulations for centralized solid waste treatment zones.
2.3.4 Biological solid waste treatment facility
2.3.4.1 The scale and capacity of biological solid waste treatment facilities are determined based on the mass and proportion of organic components in the waste.
2.3.4.2 The main functional areas include:
– Waste weighbridge: weighbridge, data processing unit;
– Treatment area: Raw waste collection house, cutting, grinding, sorting, mixing, fermentation, maturation, humus processing, bagging equipment, storage for products recovered or recycled from solid waste;
– Technical infrastructure: gate, fence, roads, yards, parking lots, vehicle washing bridge, vehicle repair workshop, water supply, wastewater and leachate collection and treatment, lighting, greenery, water surface, landscape.
2.3.4.3 The land use ratio in biological solid waste treatment facilities is determined according to Table 1.
2.3.5 Domestic and ordinary solid waste incineration facility
2.3.5.1 The scale and capacity of solid waste incineration facilities are determined according to the continuous incineration mode.
2.3.5.2 Solid waste incineration facilities must be designed and operated based on the mass, composition and characteristics of the solid waste, complying with environmental protection requirements and the compatibility of incineration technology.
2.3.5.3 The main functional areas:
– Waste weighbridge and reception area. The waste weighing system must include a weighbridge, data processing unit, transport function;
– Installation area for incinerator system and environmental protection works: treatment of fumes, dust, ash and slag storage;
– Ash and slag recycling area;
– Technical infrastructure: gate, fence, roads, yards, parking lots, vehicle washing bridge, water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, lighting, greenery, water surface, landscape, vehicle maintenance house and other technical infrastructure works.
2.3.5.4 The number of incinerators is calculated according to the scale, type of incinerator, operating technical level and specified in Table 2.
Table 2 – Classification of domestic solid waste and ordinary solid waste incineration facility scale
Scale
Capacity, tons/day
Number of regularly operating incinerators
Very large-scale incineration facility
> 1 000
≥ 3
Large-scale incineration facility
> 500; ≤ 1 000
≥ 2
Medium-scale incineration facility
> 100; ≤ 500
≥ 1
Small-scale incineration facility
≥ 7,0; ≤ 100
≥ 1
2.3.5.5 Domestic solid waste incinerators must ensure environmental requirements in QCVN 61-MT:2016/BTNMT.
2.3.5.6 Ash and slag from the incineration of domestic solid waste and ordinary waste that meet environmental protection requirements are allowed to be recycled, solidified and used.
2.3.5.7 The land use ratio in domestic and ordinary solid waste incineration facilities is determined according to Table 1.
2.3.6. Other solid waste incineration facility (hazardous medical waste and hazardous industrial waste)
2.3.6.1 Solid waste incineration facilities must be designed and operated based on the mass, composition and characteristics of the waste, complying with environmental protection requirements and the compatibility of incineration technology.
2.3.6.2 The main functional areas:
– Waste weighbridge and reception area. The waste weighing system must include a weighbridge, data processing unit, transport function;
– Installation area for incinerator system and environmental protection works: treatment of fumes, dust, ash and slag storage;
– Ash and slag landfill area;
– Technical infrastructure: gate, fence, roads, yards, parking lots, vehicle washing bridge, water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, lighting, greenery, water surface, landscape, vehicle maintenance house and other technical infrastructure works.
2.3.6.3 Requirements for incinerators:
– Hazardous medical waste incinerators and industrial waste incinerators must comply with environmental protection requirements according to current regulations;
– Ash, slag and other solid wastes generated from incinerator operation must be classified according to QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT for appropriate management measures according to current regulations.
2.3.6.4 The land use ratio in other solid waste incineration facilities (hazardous medical waste and hazardous industrial waste) is determined according to Table 1.
2.3.7 Sanitary solid waste landfill
2.3.7.1 The scale of sanitary solid waste landfills is determined according to the approved planning.
2.3.7.2 The main functional areas:
– Waste weighbridge including weighbridge, data processing unit, transport function;
– Technical infrastructure: weighbridge, electrical mechanical workshop, gate, fence, roads, yards, parking lots, vehicle washing bridge, water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, lighting, greenery, water surface, landscape.
2.3.7.3 Sanitary solid waste landfills must be designed and constructed according to the requirements of current documents.
2.3.7.4 Leachate from landfill cells after treatment must ensure environmental regulations according to QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT.
2.3.7.5 A landfill gas collection system must be installed in sanitary landfill cells for organic solid waste or a mixture of inorganic and organic waste.
2.3.7.6 The land use ratio in ordinary solid waste landfills is determined according to Table 1.
2.3.8 Hazardous waste landfill
2.3.8.1 The scale of hazardous waste landfills is determined according to planning.
2.3.8.2 The main functional areas:
– Waste weighbridge: The waste weighing system must include a weighbridge, data processing unit, transport function;
– Technical infrastructure: weighbridge, electrical mechanical workshop, gate, fence, roads, yards, parking lots, vehicle washing bridge, water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, lighting, greenery, water surface, landscape.
NOTE: It is allowed to arrange combined hazardous waste landfill cells in ordinary solid waste landfills.
2.3.8.3 Hazardous waste landfills must be designed and constructed according to the requirements of current regulations.
2.3.8.4 Leachate from landfill cells after treatment must ensure environmental regulations according to QCVN 25:2009/BTNMT.
2.3.8.5 The land use ratio in hazardous solid waste landfills is determined according to Table 1.
2.3.9 Centralized waste treatment zone
2.3.9.1 The scale of centralized waste treatment zones is determined according to the approved planning based on the mass of solid waste types that need to be treated, the technology applied for solid waste treatment and disposal.
2.3.9.2 The main functional areas:
– Waste weighbridges installed for each treatment facility including: weighbridge, data processing unit;
– Technical infrastructure: gate, fence, weighbridge, roads, yards, parking lots, vehicle washing bridge, energy supply, water supply, wastewater collection and treatment, electrical mechanical workshop, lighting, greenery, water surface, landscape.
2.3.9.3 The land use ratio in centralized waste treatment zones is determined according to Table 1.
2.4 Public toilet
2.4.1 Requirements for fixed public toilets
2.4.1.1 The ratio of window area to constructed floor area must not be less than 1:8.
2.4.1.2 Building materials and structures must ensure the requirements of durability and stability during operation and use. Floor and enclosing walls must be designed with waterproof materials. Public toilets must have septic tanks before being connected to the external drainage system of the works.
2.4.1.3 Public toilets must ensure access for persons with disabilities according to the requirements of QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.4.1.4 In some special cases, public toilets are allowed to be constructed underground.
2.4.2 Requirements for mobile public toilets
2.4.2.1 Building materials and structures must ensure durability, stability and safety during operation and use.
2.4.2.2 The clearance height of the toilet compartment must not be less than 2.1 m.
2.4.2.3 There must be a continuous and adequate water supply system.
2.4.2.4 There must be adequate sanitary equipment, ventilation, lighting to ensure the requirements of use and environmental sanitation.
2.4.2.5 Ensure access for persons with disabilities according to the requirements in QCVN 10:2014/BXD.
2.4.2.6 Ensure the requirements in QCVN 01:2011/BYT.
2.4.3 Management of sludge from public toilets
The cycle of desludging and collecting fecal sludge from septic tanks of public toilets must not exceed 1 year. Sludge from public toilets must be collected and transported to the treatment site as prescribed.
2.5 Maintenance
Solid waste collection and treatment works and work items, public toilets must be periodically maintained and repaired throughout their service life to ensure their designed functions.
3 IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 Transitional Provisions
3.1.1 For construction investment projects approved before the effective date of this regulation, implementation shall continue in accordance with the regulations at the time of approval; the investment decision maker has the right to choose to apply this regulation.
3.1.2 Construction investment projects approved from the effective date of this regulation shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of this regulation.
3.2 State management agencies in charge of construction in localities are responsible for organizing the inspection of compliance with this regulation in the formulation, appraisal, approval and management of construction designs.
3.3 The Ministry of Construction is responsible for disseminating and guiding the application of this regulation to relevant entities. During the implementation of this regulation, if there are any problems, all comments should be sent to the Technical Infrastructure Department, Ministry of Construction for guidance and resolution.
